Hajr (abandonment and shunning: its rules for a believer, a sinner, an innovator and a wife)

هَجْر

Hajr in the lexical sense is the opposite of joining; technically it is leaving what must be attended to, and a person's separation from another in body, speech or heart. 1 2 Abandoning what God has forbidden is commanded, on the saying 'the emigrant is one who abandons what God has forbidden'. 3 It is forbidden for a Muslim to shun his Muslim brother for more than three nights; most jurists allow shunning for three nights, and some count shunning beyond that among the major sins except toward one who has left the brotherhood of Islam. 4 5 Whether shunning ends by written messages to an absent person, or by greeting, the jurists differ. 6 7 8 9 The better of the two who shun is the one who greets first. 9 Shunning a non-Muslim is allowed, and a husband may shun a rebellious wife in bed until she obeys. 9 10 Shunning openly sinful or innovating people as correction is recognised, and the jurists give several rulings on it and three on the one who sins in secret. 10 11 12 13 14

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Arabia
Review
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Ethics and characterFamily, marriage and kinshipDissent, heresy and freethought

Summary

Hajr in the lexical sense is the opposite of joining; technically it is leaving what must be attended to, and one person's separation from another in body, speech or heart. 1 2

Abandoning what is forbidden

One is commanded to abandon what God has forbidden, on the saying 'the emigrant is one who abandons what God has forbidden'. 3

Shunning a Muslim brother

It is forbidden to shun a Muslim brother beyond three nights; most jurists allow shunning for three nights, and some count shunning beyond that among the major sins. 4 5 The better of two who shun each other is the one who greets first. 8 9

Letters and greetings

The schools differ on whether shunning ends by written messages to an absent person, and on whether it ends by greeting. 6 7 8

A non-Muslim and a rebellious wife

Shunning a non-Muslim is allowed, and a husband may shun a rebellious wife in bed until she obeys. 9 10

Openly and secretly sinful people

Shunning the openly sinful or innovating is recognised as correction; the jurists give several rulings on it, and three on the one who sins in secret. 10 11 12 13 14

People and things also explored

Joy and gladness (al-farah wal-surur)· Hardship and fear of sin ('anat) in marrying a slave-woman· Shahwa (desire: its effect on touch and ablution, on fasting and pilgrimage, on looking, on marriage by touch and on the breaking of the marriage bond)· Shakk (doubt in law: its kinds, the rule that certainty is not removed by doubt, and its effect on worship, contracts, penalties and evidence)· Ghadd al-basar (lowering the gaze)· Hadiyya (gift)· Hamm (resolve or intention of the heart, and its legal effect)· Hawa (desire, and the duty to resist it)

Sources

  1. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16814
  2. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16815
  3. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16816
  4. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16817
  5. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16818
  6. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16820
  7. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16821
  8. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16822
  9. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16823
  10. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16824
  11. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16825
  12. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16826
  13. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16827
  14. al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya, Noor-Book copy (file named v3) , p.16828
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Hajr (abandonment and shunning: its rules for a believer, a sinner, an innovator and a wife)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/hajr-fiqh/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-23.

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Related

Joy and gladness (al-farah wal-surur)

Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy sets out joy and gladness: surur as gladness free from grief, the blameworthy farah linked with pride and boasting, faith as the greatest source of gladness, happiness sought through piety and contentment rather than travel or wealth, and a cheerful face as a prophetic manner.