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Mahmud of Ghazna's Multan campaigns, 396 and 401

حملتا محمود الغزنوي على الملتان ٣٩٦ و٤٠١هـ

1006 CE · 396 AH – 1010 CE · 401 AH

Multan

In 396/1006 Mahmud of Ghazna marched on Multan in the course of his Indian campaigns, defeating Anandpal ibn Jaypal on the way; when the lord of Multan, the Ismaili amir Abu'l-Futuh Dawud ibn Nasr, heard of his coming he fled to Sarandib, so Mahmud broke the resistance, took the city and laid the jizya on it 1. When Dawud then returned to Qarmati allegiance, Mahmud invaded his land in 400-401, seized his capital, captured Dawud and sent him to Ghur where he ended his days; some of his followers were put to the sword 2 3.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Buyid, Fatimid and Seljuk Era
Region
South Asia
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In time

990100010101020
The Buyid, Fatimid and Seljuk Era

In space

Multan

Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph

Overview

In 396/1006 Mahmud of Ghazna directed a campaign at Multan itself; its amir Abu'l-Futuh Dawud ibn Nasr fled to Sarandib, and Mahmud took the city and laid the jizya on it 1.

The first campaign, 396

Mahmud had already defeated Jaypal, then Anandpal ibn Jaypal, who had refused him passage. When the lord of Multan — whose people followed the Qarmati way — heard of Mahmud's coming he fled to Sarandib, and Mahmud broke the city's resistance and took it by force 1.

The second campaign, 400-401

When Dawud returned to Qarmati allegiance, Mahmud invaded his land in 400 and 401, seized his capital, captured Dawud and sent him to Ghur where he ended his days; the Encyclopaedia adds that some of his followers were put to the sword 2 3.

Connections

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Occurred at
Multan

People and things also explored

The Arghuns take Multan into the Mughal orbit, 1526· The British take Multan, 1848-1849· The Mughals cede Lahore and Multan to Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1752· Mu'izz al-Din wrests Multan from the Qarmatians· Iltutmish takes Multan from Qabacha, 625· The Langah sultanate rises at Multan, 1437· The Mongol raids on the Multan marches· The Siege of Multan and the House of Gold

Sources

  1. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p. 97-98
  2. Tarikh al-Islam — Hasan Ibrahim Hasan , p. 98
  3. Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition (Leiden: Brill, 1954–2008), 13 volumes , vol. 7 p. 603
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Mahmud of Ghazna's Multan campaigns, 396 and 401”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/mahmud-multan-396/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-11-01.

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The Arghuns take Multan into the Mughal orbit, 1526

The Langahs were defeated in 1526 by the Arghuns, who collaborated with the Mughals and made Multan a dependency of their empire; after the Sur interlude Multan became the capital of an important suba of the Mughal empire and enjoyed a long period of stability.