al-Zahir bi-Amr Allah Muhammad ibn al-Nasir
Abbasid caliph [622–623], fifty-two at accession — 'who opens a shop after asr, what does he earn?' Ibn al-Athir: 'he showed a justice that revived the way of the two Umars; had it been said none ruled after Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz like him, it were true' — confiscated estates returned, tolls lifted, Ba'quba's eighty thousand back to ten, the treasury's heavy weight denounced with 'Woe to the defrauders', a hundred thousand of wronged money restored. 'Treasuries are not made to fill but to be spent in God's way'. Nine months, dying 13 Rajab 623.
Reign · Abbasid Caliphate · no. 10 in the chain · 1225–1226 CE
Ruled the caliphate
Events of the reign
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War between al-Ashraf's and Jalal al-Din's armies
al-Ashraf's and Jalal al-Din's armies clashed in the Jazira.
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Muzaffar al-Din of Irbil marches on Mosul and returns
Muzaffar al-Din Kokburi of Irbil marched on Mosul and returned without success.
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The Georgians enter and burn Tiflis
The Georgians entered and burned Tiflis after its people defected from Jalal al-Din and called them in.
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Jalal al-Din's first siege of Khilat
Jalal al-Din besieged Khilat hard and withdrew — he returned and took it in 626.
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Jalal al-Din reaches Khuzistan and Iraq
Jalal al-Din, fresh from defeat by the Mongols, reached Khuzistan and Iraq and gathered a new army.
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Jalal al-Din takes the city of Tiflis from the Georgians
On 8 Rabi' I 623 Jalal al-Din b. Khwarazmshah took the city of Tiflis from the Georgians. He marched against them after they had mustered an uncounted host from neighbouring peoples, the Alans, the Lakz and the Qipchaq; he set ambushes in several places, and when the armies met the Georgians fled. He ordered his troops to spare no one, and they pursued until they nearly annihilated them. Some urged him to march on Tiflis, the seat of their kingdom, but he said: 'We have no need to kill our men beneath the walls; if the Georgians are wiped out, the land will be taken whole.' He set out against it with three thousand horsemen, most of his army hidden in ambush. When the Georgians came out, thinking him few, he drew back until they had passed into the ambushes; they fled into the city, the Muslims followed, its Muslim people called out the cry of Islam and Jalal al-Din's name, the Georgians laid down their arms, and the Muslims took the city by storm. Ibn al-Athir mentions that it was among the strongest cities on both banks of the Kur river, that the Georgians had seized it in 515 when Sultan Mahmud b. Muhammad b. Malikshah reigned, and that neither he nor his brother Mas'ud, nor al-Dukuz and al-Bahlawan after them, could take it, until Jalal al-Din came, when the land had first been weakened by the Georgians and then uprooted by the Tatars; and so he did these deeds to them.
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War between Kayqubad and the lord of Amid
War ran between Kayqubad I of Rum and the Artuqid lord of Amid.
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Siege of Shushtar (1225)
Draft card for Siege of Shushtar (1225); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Tbilisi (1226)
Draft card for Siege of Tbilisi (1226); its sources are not yet checked on the page.