The Genealogies, Peoples, Tribal Subdivisions and Prophets' Tree Browser

Qur'an · 5 · Sunnah · 1,361 · Seerah · 149 · Books · 588

The Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina. The Encyclopaedia of Islam presents him both as the Messenger of God of Muslim faith, fully human, and as a historical figure, tracing his emigration to Medina in 622, the truce of al-Hudaybiya and the entry into Mecca, and it leaves the year of his birth open. It gives his death as a Monday in 632.

Books · 1

The Prophet's father; the handsomest, most chaste and best-loved of Abd al-Muttalib's sons, the 'sacrifice' on whom the lots fell and who was ransomed with a hundred camels; he married Amina bint Wahb and died at Medina aged twenty-five, before his son's birth according to most historians or two months after it by one report.

Sunnah · 2 · Seerah · 4 · Books · 3

The Prophet Muhammad's grandfather and guardian, a leading elder of Quraysh remembered in tradition for restoring the well of Zamzam and leading Mecca at the time of Abraha's campaign.

Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 3 · Books · 3

Son of Abd Manaf who drew the siqaya and rifada in the division of offices and held them all his life; eponym of Banu Hashim, the house from which the Prophet came.

Books · 1

Son of Qusayy who had already risen to leadership in his father’s lifetime; after his death his sons contested the offices with the sons of Abd al-Dar, and the siqaya and rifada fell to his line — inherited by Hashim, then al-Muttalib, then Abd al-Muttalib.

Qur'an · 2

The Qahtani-raised Qurashi who returned to Mecca, married Hulayl’s daughter Hubba, took the custody of the Kaaba from Khuzaʾa around 440 CE after the arbitration of Yaʾmar ibn Awf, gathered Quraysh into the town’s quarters, founded Dar al-Nadwa, and held the five offices: riyasa, liwa, hijaba, siqaya and rifada.

Father of Qusayy and Zuhra; he died while Qusayy was an infant, so his mother Fatima bint Sa'd took him to Yemen where he grew up until he returned to Mecca as a young man. From Zuhra ibn Kilab come Banu Zuhra — the clan of Amina bint Wahb the Prophet's mother, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:isaba}.

Father of Kilab, Taym and Yalaq; a link in the agreed lineage between Ka'b and Kilab — from Taym ibn Murra descends the Banu Taym clan of Abu Bakr and Talha ibn Ubayd Allah {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:isaba}.

Books · 1

One of the grandees of pre-Islamic Quraysh; he gathered his people on Fridays — hence 'the day of Ka'b' — telling them what he had read in the earlier scriptures about a prophet who would come from his loins, and bidding them follow him {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48}.

Father of Ka'b, Amir, Sama and Awf; from Ka'b descend Quraysh of the hollows and from his brothers Quraysh of the outskirts, including Banu Amir ibn Lu'ayy — the clan of Suhayl ibn Amr {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

Father of Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib; a link in the agreed lineage between Fihr and Lu'ayy, from whose stock the clans of Quraysh of the hollows and the outskirts branch {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4}.

Books · 1

The eponym ‘Quraysh’ to whom the tribe is traced, in the agreed first part of the Prophet’s genealogy.

Father of Fihr ibn Malik, ancestor of Quraysh proper; a link in the agreed lineage between al-Nadr ibn Kinana and Fihr {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4}.

He is 'Quraysh' in the genealogists' definition: Quraysh are the sons of al-Nadr ibn Kinana, and whoever draws close to his line is Qurashi; father of Malik ibn al-Nadr, and of Kinana, Abd Manat, Milkan and Qind {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48}.

Father of al-Nadr, the ancestor of Quraysh; the genealogies of Quraysh, Banu Kinana, Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma and Banu Amr meet at him {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}; through his grandson Kinana ibn al-Nadr come the Banu Kinana clans.

Father of Kinana, Asad, Amr and Awn; from Kinana descend the prophetic Quraysh and Banu Kinana, and from Asad ibn Khuzayma the tribe of Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

The 'Amr of Ilyas called Mudrika — Khindif's son and Kinana's forebear in the Prophet's line {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 567}.

Quraysh's forebear whose sons by Khindif — 'Amr, 'Amir and 'Umayr, better known as Mudrika, Tabikha and Qama'a — were reckoned by their mother in Qusayy's boast {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 567}.

Sunnah · 1 · Books · 1

One of Nizar's sons, from whom a branch of the northern Arabs is traced; al-Nuwayri tells the story of his father's inheritance and the sons' dispute before al-Afa al-Jurhumi. {cite:nihayat-al-arab-nuwayri-vol3-scan p. 10}

Son of Ma'add and father of the Adnanite tribes — Iyad, Anmar, Rabi'a and Mudar — whose allegorical death-bed division sent the brothers to al-Af'a al-Jurhumi of Najran {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 430-431}.

The Adnani forefather at whom the Prophet bade genealogy stop — above him the copies diverge, in Ibn Hisham's rescension, another version, and Ibn al-A'rabi's from Hisham al-Kalbi {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 565-566}.

The ancestor at whom the Prophet’s lineage is said to stop: twenty-first in the chain of the prophetic genealogy in Raheeq’s reckoning, descendant of Qaydar ibn Ismail; when the Prophet reached Adnan in tracing his lineage he would stop and say the genealogists lie.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

A link in the disputed part of the Prophet's lineage between Adnan and Ismail, in the chain «Adnan ibn Udd ibn Adad ibn al-Humaysa…» up to Qaydar ibn Ismail, as transmitted by Ibn Ishaq, al-Tabari and Ibn Sa'd {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/1-4} {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:tabaqat-ibn-sad} — the part al-Mansurfuri compiled from al-Kalbi and Ibn Sa'd amid wide disagreement among the versions {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.48-49}.

Ismail's second son in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's list; his descendants remained in Mecca until Adnan and his son Ma'add, from whom the Adnani Arabs kept their genealogy; said to have held Mecca after his father with his brother Nabit, in disputed order.

Qur'an · 12 · Sunnah · 30 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 9

Son of Ibrahim and Hajar, settled as an infant with his mother at Mecca where Zamzam sprang; he married into Jurhum, fathered twelve sons whose tribes spread from Mecca, and built the Kaaba with his father; the Adnani Arabs trace their lineages to him.

Qur'an · 63 · Sunnah · 58 · Books · 30

The patriarch of the Adnani Arabs in the sira’s telling: emigrant from Ur of the Chaldeans to Harran and then Palestine, who settled Hajar and the infant Ismail in the barren valley of Mecca, visited them on recorded journeys, submitted to the command of the sacrifice, and raised the foundations of the Kaaba with his son before calling mankind to the hajj.

Qur'an · 16 · Sunnah · 39 · Seerah · 6 · Books · 14

Son of Ibrahim, father of Ya'qub — named in Bukhari's prophetic chain {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3382}.

Qur'an · 16 · Sunnah · 11 · Seerah · 2 · Books · 10

Son of Ishaq, father of Yusuf — named in Bukhari's prophetic chain {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3382}.

Qur'an · 26 · Sunnah · 20 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 9

Prophet son of a prophet: 'the noble son of the noble son of the noble son of the noble' {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3382}, and the Prophet would have answered the call even after Yusuf's years in prison {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3387}.

Qur'an · 131 · Sunnah · 82 · Seerah · 3 · Books · 46

Musa is a prophet of the Children of Israel, whom Islamic tradition calls Kalim Allah. The Encyclopaedia of Islam describes him in the Qur'an as forerunner and model for Muhammad and summarises his story from infancy and flight to Madyan through his mission to Pharaoh, the miracles, the tablets and the wandering of Israel. It compares the Qur'anic account with the Biblical and Haggadic ones and records the legends that later prophet-histories such as al-Tha'labi's added about his rod. Al-Bukhari relates the stone, al-Khidr and the Night Journey reports {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 278} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3401} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3207}.

Qur'an · 20 · Sunnah · 10 · Books · 8

Musa's brother and deputy — the Prophet cited his standing to Musa for Ali {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3706}, and met him in the Isra heavens {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3207}.

Sunnah · 46 · Seerah · 7 · Books · 9

Prophet of Banu Israel and Sulayman's father — the Prophet praised Abu Musa's recitation as 'a flute of the flutes of Dawud's house' {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 5048}.

Qur'an · 16 · Sunnah · 26 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 23

Son of Dawud who swore to father a hundred fighting sons and forgot 'God willing' — a lesson the Prophet repeated {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 5242}.

Qur'an · 6 · Sunnah · 1 · Books · 2

Zakariyya is a prophet who asked his Lord for a sign that his barren wife had conceived, and was told that his sign would be that he would not speak to people for three days except by gesture, as Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy relates {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep03 00:09:00}. The Sheikh notes that the Qur'an calls his wife an imra'a (woman) while she was barren and then a zawj (spouse) once God permitted her to conceive {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:07:30}.

Draft card for Yahya ibn Zakariya, the prophet announced to his aged father in the Qur'an, named by God a name given to none before; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

Qur'an · 33 · Sunnah · 103 · Seerah · 5 · Books · 34

Isa is the Qur'anic name for Jesus, son of Mary, a prophet and messenger in Muslim belief, whom the Qur'an mentions in fifteen suras and who is the basis of Muslim Christology. The Encyclopaedia of Islam covers his miraculous birth to Maryam, speaking in the cradle, his miracles by God's leave, the Gospel revealed to him, the Qur'anic denial of the crucifixion with his being raised to God, and his return at the end of time in Muslim tradition. In al-Bukhari he is one of the three who spoke in the cradle, and the Prophet declared himself the nearest of people to him {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3436} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3443}.

Qur'an · 1 · Sunnah · 24 · Seerah · 8 · Books · 43

The tribe that inhabited Mecca in Muhammad's time and to which he belonged, keepers of the Kaaba and masters of its trade. Its leaders opposed the call for a decade, then after 630 its men filled the new state's administration. The Encyclopaedia of Islam traces its rise to Qusayy, its caravan trade, and its pre-Islamic clan blocs. According to al-Mas'udi, Quraysh comprised twenty-five clans, among them Hashim, al-Muttalib, Umayya, Nawfal, Abd al-Dar, Zuhra, Taym, Makhzum and Jumah, and the Quraysh of the Bitah were the inner group and the rest the Quraysh of the outskirts {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 567-568}. In Muslim's collection God chose Quraysh from Kinana {cite:sahih-muslim 2276}.

Sunnah · 2 · Books · 3

Medina's second Jewish tribe to break with the Prophet — date-palm landholders expelled to Khaybar in 625 after the breakdown of the pact, where their exiles kept the quarrel alive.

The first of Medina's three Jewish tribes to break with the Prophet — goldsmiths of the city's market, besieged after Badr and expelled to Syria in 624.

Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 2 · Books · 2

Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era.

Seerah · 1

The Jewish tribes that settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma after the two Jewish migrations from Palestine (after Nebuchadnezzar and after the Romans) and built villages, forts and castles; those well known at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.

Books · 1

Son of Haritha ibn Tha'laba ibn Muzayqiya — routed with his brother Khazraj to palm-rich Yathrib by the kahin's riddle, having shared in the Ghassan naming before the dispersal {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 497-498}.

Sunnah · 1 · Books · 3

Son of Haritha ibn Tha'laba ibn Muzayqiya — settled with his brother Aws in Yathrib at the kahin's word, of those who once bore the Ghassan name {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 497-498}.

Sunnah · 1

The tribe of the Meccan lowland, long allied to the Prophet's house by marriage and oath; it entered his pact at Hudaybiyya, was attacked at al-Watir by Banu Bakr with Quraysh's secret aid, and its appeal to Medina set off the conquest of Mecca.

Qur'an · 25

Descendants of Thamud ibn 'Abir who marched to al-Hijr and the Wadi al-Qura between Syria and the Hijaz — among the vanished Arabic-speaking nations and the people of the prophet Salih {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 449-450}.

Sunnah · 2

A large Arab tribe descended from Tamim ibn Murr; its clans in juz' 4 include Darim, Bahdala and Minqar. Its delegation under Utarid ibn Hajib came to the Prophet in the Year of Delegations, 9 AH, challenged him with their orator and poet, then accepted Islam; the opening of sura al-Hujurat was revealed about them. Ibn Ishaq also records that Bishr ibn al-Harith al-Sahmi had a maternal half-brother in the tribe, Sa'id ibn Amr.

Sunnah · 1

The great nomadic confederation of the Hijaz — rival of Quraysh and the Prophet's own foster-kin — that fielded the last massed Arab army against the Muslims at Hunayn and then came over within the year.

Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 3

The tribe of Ta'if, keepers of the sanctuary of al-Lat — who drove the Prophet out with stones when he came to them alone, then, after Hunayn, negotiated their city into Islam on their own terms.

A Mudari tribe of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar, parent of Abs, Dhubyan, Ashja and Ghani ibn A'sur; Dhubyan dwelt near Tayma up to Hawran, and the wars of Abs and Dhubyan are cited as an example of rivalry between tribes of one father.

Books · 1

An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq records that Utba ibn Mas'ud of it was an ally of Banu Zuhra.

Sunnah · 1 · Books · 3

Banu Sulaym ibn Mansur ibn Ikrima ibn Khasafa ibn Qays Aylan, among the great Arab divisions; Hijazi folk who gathered in the migration to Egypt then crossed into Ifriqiya after Banu Hilal — they settled Barqa then pressed west, driving the Hilalis into the Middle Maghreb, and settled the marches of Gabes, Sfax and from Tripoli toward Fez's bounds; of them the Banu Makki chiefs of Gabes, the Banu Thabit of Tripoli and the Banu Muzni amirs of Biskra.

Qur'an · 7 · Sunnah · 53 · Seerah · 14 · Books · 69

A tribe; Ibn Ishaq has Abu Ruhm say that a party of them were allies within Banu Ghifar, and that the Prophet counted Aslam with Quraysh, the Ansar and Ghifar when he spoke of those who stayed behind.

Sunnah · 2 · Seerah · 1

An Arab tribe of Quda'a whose lands lay between Medina and the Red Sea coast; Ibn Ishaq mentions it in the Prophet's detachments: Jundab ibn Makith al-Juhani, narrator of Ghalib's raid on Banu al-Mulawwah, was of it, as was the clan al-Huraqa to which Mirdas ibn Nahik, killed in Ghalib's raid on Banu Murra, belonged.

Books · 2

Banu Muzayna — a Mudar tribe on the Tihama coast between the Hijaz and Wadi al-Qura, settled on the caravan road; among them the men of the Sariyya episodes in the maghazi {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.16}.

Qur'an · 4 · Seerah · 1

An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq reports that the bedouin excuse-makers were said to be a group of them, that Abu Ruhm Kulthum ibn al-Husayn was of them, and that they had allies from Aslam.

Sunnah · 2 · Books · 1

Banu Ashja' ibn Rayth ibn Ghatafan ibn Sa'd ibn Qays Aylan — a Ghatafani clan on the Tihama coast; from them the Successor Masruq al-Ashja'i and the Saba' al-Ashja'iyyun, and they stood with Ghatafan at the Trench {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.16}.

A Kahlani Qahtani tribe that migrated from Yemen under Imran ibn Amr Muzayqiya; its branches dispersed to Yathrib (the Aws and Khazraj through Thaʾlaba), Mecca (Khuzaʾa), Oman, and al-Sham (Jafna, ancestor of the Ghassanids).

The Kahlani tribe whose Nasr ibn Rabiʾa founded the line of al-Hira’s kings — the Manadhira — ruling as Persia’s Arab wardens from Amr ibn Adi to the last al-Mundhir in 632.

Ka'b ibn Malik relates that the 'king of Ghassan' wrote him a letter wrapped in a scrap of silk during the boycott of the three, inviting him to join him.

Sunnah · 5 · Seerah · 2 · Books · 5

The great Kahlani tribe of Yemen whose rivalry with Himyar the Abyssinians exploited for their first occupation of Yemen in 340 CE.

Qur'an · 1 · Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 5

The most famous Qahtani stock with Kahlan; it took over the kingdom of Saba around 115 BCE, made Zafar its capital, and produced Yemen’s later kings such as Dhu Nuwas and the house of Dhu Yazan.

Books · 3

The Qahtanite tribe into which Abu Haritha ibn Muzayqiya and his grandson Da'bal entered at Najran when they left the Azd's march — Abu Haritha called the grandsire of Najran's al-Harith ibn Ka'b {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 498}.

Books · 1

A great tribe of Himyarite affiliation (debated); it left Yemen for the Samawa steppe on Iraq’s edge, moved on to al-Sham under Ardashir’s pressure, and produced the Salihids — the Dajaʾima — Rome’s first Arab client kings.

A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that moved north after al-Azd and settled the two mountains Aja and Salma, which became known as the mountains of Tayy; parts of it adopted Christianity, and its Iyas ibn Qabisa governed al-Hira for Khosrow.

Sunnah · 4

The Bakrite clan of Hani ibn Masʾud which defeated the Sasanian host at Dhu Qar — the first day the Arabs routed the Persians.

Sunnah · 1 · Books · 1

A Rabi'a tribe of Adnan, one of Wa'il's two sons with Taghlib; branches settled Bahrayn and the rest stretched from al-Yamama to Bahrayn, Kazima, the edge of the Iraqi sawad, al-Ubulla and Hit; Banu Shayban of Dhu Qar and Banu Hanifa of al-Yamama belong to it, and its wars with Taghlib are the textbook case of kin rivalry.

Sunnah · 5 · Books · 5

Banu Taghlib ibn Wa'il of Rabi'a, many of them Christian in the Jazira; famed for Zur'a ibn al-Nu'man's words to Umar — 'a people of Arabs who would scorn the jizya' — so he compounded with them for double the sadaqa taken of Muslims on land and herds, not foreigners' jizya, on condition they not Christianise their children, a clause over which jurists differed and Ali censured their breach; of them is Malik ibn Tawq, lord of al-Rahba.

Books · 2

A tribe of Rabi'a settled in Bahrayn; al-Jarud came in its delegation to the Prophet in the Year of Delegations and he and his companions embraced Islam, and before the conquest of Mecca the Prophet had sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa al-Abdi, who converted; after the Prophet's death some of its converts reverted with al-Gharur ibn al-Mundhir and al-Jarud called them back. Later sources record an earlier delegation in 5 AH.

Sunnah · 2

A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that settled Bahrayn, then Hadramawt, then Najd, where it formed a considerable kingdom that soon vanished; its al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr was installed at al-Hira by Qubadh after al-Mundhir's dismissal.

Banu Dabba ibn Udd, a Mudar tribe of the Rabbab; the first to raise the cry 'ya Al Khindif' — hence the federation's name — when Asad answered them at al-Nasar, and victors of al-Shaqiqa where Bustam ibn Qays of Shayban fell {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 461-465}.

Banu Yarbu' ibn Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim — an upper-Najd Tamimi clan; from them in Islam al-Qa'qa' ibn Amr ibn Malik, a horseman of the Ridda wars and the conquests, and Yarbu' was among the Arab tribes richest in riders {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir} {cite:isaba}.

Sunnah · 1

An Arab tribe; Ibn Ishaq ascribes Fatima bint Safwan ibn Umayya ibn Muharrith to it as 'al-Kinaniyya'.

Sunnah · 6 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 7

A Yemeni tribe of Madhhij; Hamdan defeated it on the Day of al-Radm shortly before Islam, and Farwa ibn Musayk of Murad came to the Prophet breaking with the kings of Kinda, embraced Islam and was set over Murad, Zubayd and all Madhhij; Qays ibn Makshuh, who refused to accompany Amr ibn Ma'dikarib to the Prophet, was of Murad.

Son of Nizar allotted the coin-bag and council-seat — read as tillage and land — who named the lost camel tailless from its droppings; after putting out Mudar's eye he rode to Yemen, whence Bajila and Khath'am claim descent {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 431-435}.

Qur'an · 2

Banu Abs ibn Baghid ibn Rayth ibn Ghatafan ibn Sa'd ibn Qays Aylan — Ghatafan's most famous clan for poetry and horsemanship; from them Antara ibn Shaddad and Urwa ibn al-Ward, and their war on Dhubyan named for Dahis and al-Ghabra {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.16}.

A large Qaysi tribe of Najd whose clans include Kilab and Ja'far ibn Kilab; its delegation came to the Prophet in 9 AH with Amir ibn al-Tufayl, Arbad ibn Qays ibn Juz' ibn Khalid ibn Ja'far and Jabbar ibn Salma ibn Malik ibn Ja'far, whom Ibn Ishaq calls the chiefs of the people.

Books · 4

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

Books · 4

Draft card for the Banu Abbas, the Hashimid house of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib from which the Abbasid caliphs' state arose on the Umayyad collapse; the page not yet checked.

Qur'an · 24

The best-known of the vanished Arab nations — the people of Hud, who dwelt in the sand-dunes of al-Ahqaf between Yemen and Hadramawt; of them came 'Aad of Iram 'of the pillars', destroyed by the barren wind for denying their prophet {cite:tafsir-tabari-shakir-v01} {cite:tarikh-ard-al-quran}.

Qur'an · 10 · Sunnah · 5 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 49

The Arabs — the Arabic-speaking peoples originally of the Arabian Peninsula, whose genealogies and early kings al-Mas'udi gathers in Muruj al-Dhahab. Draft card from an open reference description (Wikidata); not yet checked on the source page.

Sunnah · 3 · Books · 12

Al-'Ajam in Arab speech are the non-Arabs who do not speak clear Arabic — above all the Persians in the Prophet's time. The Qur'an pairs 'ajami' with 'arabi' (41:44), and the hadith says «were faith hung on the Pleiades, men of Persian stock would take it» — and the sermons make Arab and non-Arab equal {cite:tafsir-tabari-shakir-v01} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

Sunnah · 4 · Seerah · 9 · Books · 30

The Persians — the people of Fars and its kings and notables whose reports al-Mas'udi narrates in Muruj al-Dhahab. Draft card from an open reference description (Wikidata); not yet checked on the source page.

Qur'an · 1 · Sunnah · 45 · Seerah · 16 · Books · 76

Al-Rum to the Arabs are the 'sons of the Yellow' — the Byzantine Romans of Constantinople and al-Sham before Islam. Surah al-Rum opens with their defeat then their victory «Alif-Lam-Mim, the Romans have been defeated» (30:1-2), and theirs is Caesar who honoured the Prophet's letter where Chosroes tore it {cite:tafsir-tabari-shakir-v01} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}.

Books · 3

The Turks — the peoples of Inner Asia whose kinds, kings and lands al-Mas'udi treats at length in Muruj al-Dhahab. Draft card from an open reference description (Wikidata); not yet checked on the source page.

Sunnah · 3 · Seerah · 5 · Books · 10

Al-Habasha are the Abyssinians of the Horn of Africa, the kingdom of Axum; theirs was the Negus to whom the Muslims emigrated twice, theirs was Abraha of the Elephant, and from them Bilal ibn Rabah — the hadith says «leave the Abyssinians as long as they leave you» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:isaba}.

Seerah · 5 · Books · 9

Al-Qibt are the Copts of Egypt before Islam; the hadith foretells «a land where the qirat is spoken of will be conquered for you — when you take it, treat its people well, for they have protection and kinship», and from them came Maria the Copt, mother of the Prophet's son Ibrahim, and al-Muqawqis her master {cite:sahih-muslim} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq} {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir}.

Sunnah · 1

The Berbers in al-Baladhuri on Abdallah ibn Salih's report: they claim descent from Barr ibn Qays — but God gave Qays no son called Barr; rather they are of the Jabbarin whom Dawud fought, whose seats in ancient days were Palestine, the people of Amud — who came to the Maghreb and multiplied there; of them are Lawata, the covenant-holders of Barqa, and the Antabulus folk excepted in Amr ibn al-As's sermon.

Books · 1

Al-Mas'udi gives the rival origins of the Kurds: sons of Rabi'a or of Mudar arabised into mountain speech; Solomon's dismissed slave-women driven 'kurrisewise' to the hills; or the spared brain-tribute of al-Dahhak's serpents run wild — the Shuhajan of the Kufa-Basra marches claim Rabi'a, the Majardan of Azerbaijan claim Mudar, the Ya'qubiyya and Jurqan near Jabal Judi are Christians, and some hold Kharijite views {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 439-440}.

Qur'an · 40 · Sunnah · 16 · Books · 9

Banu Isra'il are the descendants of Ya'qub ibn Ishaq ibn Ibrahim — the nation most named in the Qur'an. Among them were prophets and tables of signs, and they were favoured in their time: «O Children of Israel, remember My favour wherewith I favoured you and preferred you over the worlds» (2:47); among them were bands that disobeyed and bands that believed {cite:tafsir-tabari-shakir-v01} {cite:tarikh-ard-al-quran}.

The Mongols — the people of Mongolia and its neighbours whose hosts swept the Islamic lands in the seventh Hijri century and brought down Baghdad, as Ibn al-Athir narrates in al-Kamil. Draft card from an open reference description (Wikidata); not yet checked on the source page.

A large clan of Hadrami sayyids and Sufis living mostly in and around Tarim; its founder of the Sufi line was Muhammad b. 'Ali al-Ustadh al-a'zam, and it produced scholars, historians and Sufis over the centuries {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 877-879}.

Sunnah · 1

A clan of the Aws, Banu Abd al-Ashhal ibn Jusham ibn al-Harith; after Abu Jubayla's departure they settled a quarter south of Banu Zafar's, by the edge of the eastern Harra, and built the utm 'Waqim' — held by Hudayr ibn Simak, after whom the quarter was named — and another called 'al-Ra'l' for Sakhra umm Banu Abd al-Ashhal, crying at Bu'ath 'we are Banu Sakhra, lords of the Ra'l'. A war with Banu Haritha drove the latter from the shared quarter to the Yathrib neighbourhood {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 202-204}.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia emigrant rolls under its ancestor 'Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy', counting among it emigrants, women and children born there.

Books · 1

Banu Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy — Quraysh of the hollows and the Prophet's house: Hashim, al-Muttalib, Abd Shams and Nawfal, the sons of Abd Manaf, to whose line the siqaya, rifada, liwa and ifada fell in the casting of the offices {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.31} {cite:ibn-hisham-sira 1/125-132}.

Sunnah · 2 · Seerah · 1 · Books · 1

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Adi ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

A Medinan clan; Ibn Ishaq places Ma'n ibn Adi in it, and Asim ibn Adi if he is the one meant.

A clan of Tamim, al-Anbar ibn Amr ibn Tamim; Uyayna ibn Hisn raided them at the Prophet's order, killing and taking captives, after which a Tamim delegation came to the Prophet, who freed some captives and ransomed others; Ibn Ishaq names the men killed and the women taken.

A clan of Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat ibn Kinana — its leading house, Banu al-Aswad ibn Razn, had been killed by Khuza'a before Islam; in the truce of Hudaybiyya its men under Nawfal ibn Mu'awiya carried out the night attack on al-Watir.

Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 2

A clan of the Khazraj, Banu al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj the Elder (Balharith); they settled their quarter in the 'Awali east of Wadi Buthan by the Su'ayb plot, and built the utm after which the quarter 'al-Sunh' was named — where Abu Bakr had his home with his wife bint Kharija ibn Zayd, a mile from the Prophet's residence {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 210-211}.

A batn of Quraysh descended from al-Harith ibn Fihr ibn Malik, uncle-peer of Qusayy; from them Suhayl ibn Amr of the Hudaybiyya treaty {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'al-Harith ibn Fihr ibn Malik', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

A clan of Kinana at al-Kudayd against whom the Prophet sent Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi; the detachment raided them before dawn, killed and drove off the herds, as Jundab ibn Makith relates.

Seerah · 1

A clan of Quraysh descended from al-Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf, the uncle of Abd al-Muttalib; al-Raheeq al-Makhtum names them beside Banu Hashim among the clans that joined the Fudul pact.

Sunnah · 2 · Books · 1

A clan of the Khazraj at Yathrib, the maternal kin of Abd al-Muttalib: Salma bint Amr of Banu Adi ibn al-Najjar was Hashim's wife and Abd al-Muttalib grew up in her father's house; when Nawfal seized his property he appealed to them and his uncle Abu Sa'd ibn Adi came with eighty riders until his right was restored, prompting Khuza'a to claim an equal kinship.

A batn of Quraysh descended from Amir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib — one of the Qurashi houses that embraced Islam and emigrated, with men listed in the Abyssinia rolls {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Amir ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

Sunnah · 2 · Books · 2

A Medinan clan that Ibn Ishaq mentions among the builders of Masjid al-Dirar (Khudham ibn Khalid and Abbad ibn Hunayf) and among the three left behind (Murara ibn al-Rabi').

A batn of Quraysh descended from Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy — among its names Hatib ibn Abi Balta'a and, through his mother Asma bint Abd al-Muttalib, al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A batn of the Khazraj at Yathrib, the house of the two masters Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Sa'd ibn Ubada — the chiefs who pledged at al-Aqaba and hosted Islam; among them Ubayy ibn Ka'b of the qira'at {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Bayada ibn 'Amir ibn Zurayq; they held a quarter in the western Harra north of Banu Salim with nineteen utum — thirteen for Banu Umayya ibn 'Amir alone — and were praised in the saying 'slowest to flee, fastest to charge: Banu Bayada, Banu Zurayq and Banu Ghaffar'. Their quarter lodged the Banu Ghadb septs; when Habib ibn Abd al-Harith demanded they draw water with their own hands they killed him, and two of their septs fought in a garden until no eye twinkled — hence its name 'the Garden of Death' — and in 160 AH the Ansar's Umayyad diwan register was transferred to them {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 216-220}.

Books · 1

A clan of Banu Tamim: Darim ibn Malik ibn Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim; Utarid ibn Hajib, al-Aqra' ibn Habis and al-Hutat ibn Yazid of the 9 AH delegation belonged to it; al-Zibriqan boasted that none in the Hijaz equalled Darim, and Hassan addressed his rebuke to them.

A batn of Bakr ibn Wa'il from Dhuhl ibn Shayban — the pole around which Bakr divides into Dhuhl and Shayban; from it al-Aswad ibn Rabi'a and the Yamama reports {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

A clan to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes five of the builders of Masjid al-Dirar: Mu'tib ibn Qushayr, Abu Habiba ibn al-Az'ar, Nabtal ibn al-Harith, Bahzaj and Bijad ibn Uthman.

Rifa'a ibn Zayd's clan of Judham; they embraced Islam on the Prophet's letter which Rifa'a brought, recovered Dihya al-Kalbi's goods from al-Hunayd ibn Us, were then struck by Zayd ibn Haritha's detachment, and a party of them rode to Rifa'a and on to the Prophet, who restored what had been taken.

A clan of Judham to which belonged al-Hunayd ibn Us and his son Us, who robbed Dihya al-Kalbi in the valley of Shinar, and Qurra ibn Ashqar al-Difari al-Dula'i who shot al-Nu'man ibn Abi Ji'al.

Sunnah · 1

A tribe of Ghatafan; Zayd ibn Haritha met them at Wadi al-Qura, some of his men were struck and he was carried off wounded, and he swore not to wash from major impurity until he had raided them; the Prophet sent him back and he slaughtered them at Wadi al-Qura, where Umm Qirfa Fatima bint Rabi'a ibn Badr was killed.

The Hammudids — Idrisid Alids who claimed the Andalusi caliphate after the fitna, aping Abbasid pomp by speaking to petitioners from behind a curtain until Ibn Muqana's famous nuniyya made Idris b. Yahya lift the veil himself at Malaga {cite:nafh-tib-maqqari p. 250}.

A clan of Tamim — Banu Hanzala ibn Malik ibn Zayd Manat ibn Tamim; the Prophet made Malik ibn Nuwayra his agent over their alms, and on the Prophet's death Malik released what dues were in his hands saying 'see to your own wealth, Banu Hanzala'; in the affair of Malik's killing Abu Qatada al-Ansari testified that they had laid down their arms and called the adhan; of them also was Sajah bint Aws (some say bint al-Harith) who claimed prophecy in the Ridda.

A clan of the Aws, Banu Haritha ibn al-Harith ibn al-Khazraj the Younger; they first shared the Abd al-Ashhal quarter by the eastern Harra and built the utm 'al-Musayyir', then war broke out in which Simak ibn Rafi' fell to Mas'ud Abu Muhayysa — the expelled Banu Haritha withdrew to Banu Sulaym's land, were besieged in their tower by Hudayr ibn Simak until Banu Harw ibn 'Awf and Banu Khatma mediated their evacuation, spent about a year at Khaybar, were reconciled through al-Shafra''s intercession, and refusing to return settled the Yathrib neighbourhood west of Hamza's shrine where Islam found them, building the utm 'al-Rayyan' by their mosque; the Prophet spent the eve of Uhud in their houses at al-Shaykhan {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 202-204}.

Sunnah · 1 · Seerah · 7 · Books · 3

The Prophet's own clan within Quraysh — divided over his mission yet bound to him by blood, sheltering him through the boycott whether they believed or not.

A batn of Bakr ibn Wa'il from Ijl ibn Lujaym — among the noblest Bakr houses; from it Qays ibn Asim al-Minqari and al-Ala ibn al-Hadrami of al-Ahsa and Bahrayn {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

A batn of Ghassan of al-Azd — the royal house of the Ghassanid kings in Syria under Byzantium; the Jafnids whose line includes Jabala ibn al-Ayham, the last king {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:al-aalam}.

Books · 1

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Jumah ibn Amr ibn Hasis ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

A warrior clan of the Hawazin confederation; among them was the aged veteran commander and poet Durayd ibn al-Simma, who advised against driving the women and wealth into battle at Hunayn.

A clan of the Aws — Khatma is 'Abdallah ibn Jusham ibn Malik al-Awsi — who settled their known quarter, built utum and planted palms, yet lived scattered in their towers with none in the quarter's heart; when Islam came they took a mosque and one man built a house beside it, the others asking after him each morning for fear a beast had taken him, until they multiplied and were nicknamed 'Ghazza' after populous Gaza of al-Sham. Their utum include 'Sa'b Dhar'' — kept as a fighting fortress with no dwellings — and the tower of Umayya ibn 'Amir ibn Khatma {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 209-210}.

Banu Kilab ibn Rabi'a ibn Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, a Mudari tribe spread between the Jazira and Syria on the Euphrates side with pastures around Aleppo; they were once tributaries of the Hamdanids, then rose as their power failed — Salih ibn Mirdas founded the Mirdasid state of Aleppo from them, and their clans include Banu Khafaja and Banu Ghayyar.

A clan of Banu al-Najjar — Banu 'Adi ibn 'Amr ibn Malik, Maghala being 'Adi's mother — settled on the right of one facing the Prophet's Mosque from the end of the balat; they built the utm 'Fari'' facing the houses of Banu Talha ibn 'Ubayd Allah, later absorbed into Ja'far ibn Yahya al-Barmaki's residence — the tower where Safiyya the Prophet's aunt sheltered on the day of the Trench with Hassan ibn Thabit beside it (al-Zayn al-Maraghi makes it the tower of Thabit, Hassan's father), where Ibn Sayyad was found in Muslim's hadith, and to which Hassan's verse 'we hold sway between Sal' and Fari'' refers {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 222-223}.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it as 'Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra ibn Ka'b'.

The Asadi Mazyadids of Tamim — desert amirs between Iraq, Syria and Najd whom Wasit's Alawid notables begged for aid when their quarters burned in the 406 fitna; from that patronage they took Wasit and then al-Hilla, seat of their famous dynasty {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.7 p.283}.

A clan of Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat of Tamim: Minqar ibn Ubayd ibn al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd; Amr ibn al-Ahtam and Qays ibn Asim of the 9 AH Tamim delegation belonged to it.

A batn of Quraysh descended from Muharib ibn Fihr ibn Malik, the Prophet's tribal kin at the Qusayy level, named in the Meccan reports before the conquest {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}.

A batn of Tamim, the most famous of its clans for poetry and boasting — al-Nabigha al-Dhubyani, al-Farazdaq and the satirists of Banu Mujashi'; and Khuzayma ibn Thabit, the man of two testimonies {cite:tarikh-al-tabari} {cite:qalb-jazirat-al-arab}.

A tribe of Ghatafan at Fadak; Bashir ibn Sa'd raided them, and Ghalib ibn Abdullah al-Laythi raided their land and struck Mirdas ibn Nahik, an ally of theirs from al-Hurqa of Juhayna, whom Usama ibn Zayd and an Ansari killed after he had said there is no god but God.

A batn of Aws at Yathrib — Abu Ayyub Khalid ibn Zayd al-Ansari's house, in whose home the Prophet lodged on arriving as an emigrant; among the Aws houses foremost in Islam {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A leading clan of the Hawazin confederation; from it hailed Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri, commander of the polytheist confederation at the Battle of Hunayn.

A batn of Quraysh, the descendants of Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf ibn Qusayy, brother of Hashim, al-Muttalib and Abd Shams — one of the houses of Quraysh al-Batah that held offices and trade, kin of the Prophet's house {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A batn of Bakr ibn Wa'il from Qays ibn Tha'laba — the widest and most famous Bakr clan in the conquests; from it al-Muthanna ibn Haritha, the first conqueror of Iraq, and most of Bakr's emirs {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

A clan of Hawazin among whom the Prophet was nursed by Halima al-Sa'diyya; in the Year of Delegations they sent Dimam ibn Tha'laba, who questioned the Prophet on each duty of Islam, embraced it, and returned to convert his whole settlement in a day, as Ibn Abbas relates.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Sahm ibn Amr ibn Hasis ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

Sunnah · 2

A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Sa'ida ibn Ka'b, owners of the famous saqifa; they settled in four Medinan quarters: Banu al-Harith and Banu Tha'laba between the market and Banu Damra; a village around Bi'r Buda'a; Banu Abi Khazima — Sa'd ibn Ubada's sept — at Jirar Sa'd, where al-Samhudi places their saqifa; and Banu Waqf and Banu Annan in the 'Banu Tarif' quarter. They built the utm 'Mu'rith', the last tower built in Medina — the Prophet arrived while they were building it and gave them leave to finish {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 220-222}.

A Khazrajite clan of Yathrib; it includes Malik ibn al-Dukhshum, who was charged with demolishing Masjid al-Dirar, and Abu Khaythama, according to Ibn Ishaq. In al-Samhudi they held their quarter at the edge of the western Harra west of the valley of the Friday mosque at Batn Ranuna, and built the utum al-Muzdalif (built by Utban ibn Malik), al-Shamakh outside their houses to the south, and al-Qawaqil — so named because when they granted protection they told the refugee 'quqil where you will', climb up {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 211-212}.

A clan of the Khazraj; it includes Ka'b ibn Malik, the man who disparaged Ka'b at Tabuk, and the men who reproached him after he told the Prophet the truth. In al-Samhudi they settled between the Mosque of the Two Qiblas and al-Midhad in a quarter called 'Khurba' — ruin — which the Prophet renamed 'Sulha' on the sounder reading ('Talha' in Ibn Zabala's copy); they built the utum al-Aghlab, Khayt and Mani', and when they complained of their distance the Prophet said 'stay, for you are its tent-pegs', then Umar moved them to the foot of Sal' {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 213-216}.

An Arab clan in whose woman's house Amir ibn al-Tufayl died on his way back from the Banu Amir delegation, lamenting that he should die 'in the house of a woman of Banu Salul'; the 1936 editors note that the Arabs reputed them mean, a reputation that attached to them rather than a fault of their lineage, as with Muharib and Bahila.

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Taym ibn Murra ibn Ka'b', counting emigrants, women and children born there.

A batn of Bakr ibn Wa'il — the royal house of Bakr before Islam; from it Amr ibn Hind the tyrant king of the Lakhmid vassals and Hani ibn Qabisa of the Dhi Qar affair {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

Draft card for Banu Taym, the Qurashi clan of Abu Bakr; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

A batn of Aws at Yathrib — the house of Ubada ibn al-Samit the naqib of al-Aqaba, al-Harith ibn al-Simma and Usayd ibn Hudayr al-Badri; among the Aws houses that pledged at al-Aqaba {cite:ibn-hisham-sira} {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq}.

A branch of Banu Amr ibn Awf; from it was Khudham ibn Khalid, from whose house Masjid al-Shiqaq was removed, according to Ibn Ishaq.

A clan to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes Tha'laba ibn Hatib and Wadi'a ibn Thabit; it is the party of Abu Lubaba ibn Abd al-Mundhir.

Books · 2

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it as 'Umayya ibn Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf' and makes it a separate section of the Abyssinia emigration.

Books · 1

Banu Uqayl ibn Ka'b — the great Qaysi tribe of the Jazira who held Mosul and its marches from the late fourth century: Qirwash ibn al-Muqallad Mu'tamad al-Dawla ruled Mosul, Kufa and the Euphrates shore, then Quraysh ibn Badran {cite:muntazam-ibn-al-jawzi j.8 p.489-490}.

A batn of Aws at Yathrib, the house of Sa'd ibn Khaythama the Badr martyr and Hind bint Amr the mother of Mu'adh and Mu'awwidh; among the pledging houses of Aws {cite:ibn-hisham-sira}.

Books · 1

A clan of the Aws to which Ibn Ishaq ascribes Hilal ibn Umayya al-Waqifi, one of the three left behind; in al-Samhudi they settled with Banu al-Salm (sons of Imru' al-Qays ibn Malik al-Awsi) by the Fadikh mosque, and built the utm 'al-Zaydan' whose site lay mostly south of that mosque {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 207-208}.

A batn of Bakr ibn Wa'il — the horsemen of the Jahiliyya wars; from it al-Harith ibn Awf al-Murri of the Dahis and al-Ghabra feud, with a share in the conquests {cite:tarikh-al-tabari}.

A clan of the Aws, Banu Zafar — Ka'b ibn al-Khazraj the Younger — who settled their quarter east of al-Baqi' by their mosque known as the Mosque of the Baghla, next to Banu Abd al-Ashhal, whom they backed in the war against Banu Haritha {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 202-204}.

Books · 3

A clan of Quraysh; Ibn Ishaq lists it in the Abyssinia rolls as 'Zuhra ibn Kilab ibn Murra'.

A clan of the Khazraj, Banu Zurayq ibn 'Amir; fewer than Banu Bayada, they left their quarter shortly before Islam for their known quarter before the musalla and the market at Dhurwan, building utum including one at the corner of Kabir ibn al-Salt's house and 'al-Rayyan' by the Saqifat al-Rayyan of the Suraqa family. A standing war with Banu Bayada and Banu Habib ran until settled by blood-money, the lane they were granted being named 'the Lane of the Diya'; they shared with Banu Bayada the fame of 'slowest to flee, fastest to charge' {cite:samhudi-wafa-al-wafa p. 218-220}.

Banu Dajam ibn Salih ibn Hulwan of Quda'a, who settled the Syrian marches in the age of migrations and were set up by the Romans as kings to hold back the desert Arabs and serve against Persia; Ziyad ibn al-Habula was their most famous king, their era runs from the early second century CE to about its end, and the Ghassanids displaced them.

Banu al-Ghawth ibn Murra of the Ilyas ibn Mudar line, called Sufa; under Khuza'a's rule they held the right to lead the pilgrims from Arafa to Muzdalifa and to release them from Mina on the day of departure: none threw the stones until a man of Sufa threw, and they held both sides of the pass until they had passed; when they died out, Banu Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat of Tamim inherited the office.

Draft card for the Tore clan, the Chinggisid house of the Kazakh Khanate; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

Nasab, in the lexicon, is lineage; in law it is the relation between two people through a shared birth, near or far. It differs from agnation (asaba), client-right (wala'), kinship by womb (rahm), marriage-relation (musaharah), suckling kinship and the degrees of the line. It is forbidden to acknowledge a child one knows is not one's own, or to deny one who is. Lineage is established by a valid marriage where conception is possible, by a defective marriage with real intercourse, and by intercourse under a mistaken belief according to the majority, but not by fornication. Firash (the marriage bed), qiyafa (the tracker's judgement) according to the Malikis, Shafi'is and Hanbalis, acknowledgement, testimony, hearsay by reputation, and the judge's ruling are the proofs. The gestation period is at least six months, and the maximum is disputed (four years, two years, five years, or nine months). The acknowledgement of lineage is governed by conditions; a man may acknowledge five kinds of relation and a woman four, according to the Hanafis. Lineage cannot be made the subject of arbitration; an oath in a lineage claim is disputed. Its effects include maintenance, inheritance, the bar of marriage, the lifting of retaliation from a father, and guardianship. Lineage once established cannot be given up, and it is ended by li'an. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15653} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15654} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15656} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15658} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15660} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15662} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15664} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15666} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15668} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15670} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15672} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15674} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15676} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.15677}

Ansab is the plural of nasb, stones set up around the Ka'ba, at which the pilgrims called out and upon which offerings were slaughtered for other than God; some say it means anything worshipped apart from God. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3502} Idols differ from ansab in that idols are carved and painted while ansab are stones set up; on another view ansab and awthan are alike in being unshaped. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3502}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3503} The markers of the sanctuary mark its bounds and carry no sanctity. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3503} Making, selling and keeping idols is forbidden, and the jurists agree that making a shaped image of a human or animal is forbidden, and that a fee for it is not allowed. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3504}

al-Raheeq al-Makhtum divides the Prophet's lineage into three parts: one agreed on by the sira and genealogy scholars, up to Adnan; one disputed, between those who suspend judgement and those who affirm it, from Adnan up to Ibrahim; and one that certainly contains unsound matter, from Ibrahim up to Adam.

Ahl in origin means the household and kin; the ahl of a man are those closest to him and his clan; nasab means kinship, which is common through one parent or, on another view, through both. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3645} For the jurists nasab is kinship through the father only: children are called after their fathers, not their mothers. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3645} Thus a bequest to the kin of a man, or an endowment to those who are called after him, goes to those who trace descent through the father; the Shafi'is and Hanbalis exclude the children of daughters, on the Qur'anic phrase that they are to be called after their fathers (sura al-Ahzab, 33:5). {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3645}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3646} The Malikis count the children of daughters in one view, and the Shafi'is do so where the one who makes the endowment is a woman. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3646}

The Prophet's ban on pressing the lineage beyond Ma'add — a stop imposed by the span of time and the quarrel of versions, which al-Mas'udi documents from four divergent witnesses {cite:muruj-al-dhahab p. 565-566}.

Luhuq, in lexicon, is attaining or overtaking; jurists use the root for the attachment of descent, for a dhimmi or apostate going over to the land of war, for attaching the foetus of a slaughtered animal to its dam for lawfulness, for attaching young grazing animals to the zakat count, for attaching accessories to a sale, and in the usul sense for analogy {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.13589}.