João III of Portugal

جان الثالث ملك البرتغال

King of Portugal in Khayr al-Din's day. On news of the Ottoman fleet's arrival off North Africa in 941/1534 he polled his nobles and bishops on abandoning Portugal's southern Moroccan footholds — Safi, Azemmour, Santa Cruz — and the clergy near-unanimously advised withdrawal, concentrating defence northward against a feared attack on Ceuta 1.

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Roles
Ruler
Era
The Gunpowder Empires
Region
Maghreb
Identifiers
Wikidata
Review
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Summary

King of Portugal in Khayr al-Din Barbarossa's day 1.

The consultation

When word reached him that the Ottoman fleet under Khayr al-Din had reached North Africa on 3 Rabi' I 941/13 September 1534, he sent a consultation to the nobles, notables and bishops of his realm: should Safi and Azemmour be left to the Moroccans, or held as fortresses? The clergy's answers were near-unanimous in advising abandonment of the southern posts — Santa Cruz, Safi, Azemmour — as worth far less than their cost, and the concentration of force on the northern positions and Ceuta's defences against a feared attack by Khayr al-Din 1.

Connections

Explore the connections

Opposed
خير الدين بربروسة
Participated in
Sa'di capture of Santa Cruz (1541)

People and things also explored

Algiers enters Ottoman sovereignty (1519)· Capture of the Peñón of Algiers (1529)· Khayr al-Din takes Tunis (1534)· Charles V's conquest of Tunis (1535)· Ahmad al-A'raj al-Sa'di· Andrea Doria· Hasan Agha al-Tushi· Hasan b. Khayr al-Din Barbarossa

Sources

  1. al-Dawla al-Uthmaniyya — Ali Muhammad al-Salabi (2001) , p. 219
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “João III of Portugal”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/joao-iii-portugal/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

Algiers enters Ottoman sovereignty (1519)

In early Dhu'l-Qa'da 925/October–November 1519 the notables of Algiers, at Khayr al-Din's order, sent the jurist Ahmad b. Qadi to Sultan Selim I with a letter (Topkapı archive no. 4656) asking to bind the city to the Ottoman state. Selim answered with the rank of beylerbey, artillery and 2,000 Janissaries; his name entered the pulpits and the coinage, and Algiers became the first North African province under Ottoman sovereignty — an entry al-Salabi stresses was by the inhabitants' appeal, not against their will.