عمد (ارادی فعل)

العَمْد

In the lexicon, amd is the purpose and intention of a thing, and its opposite is error (khata'), an act done without purpose ¹. Deliberate acts carry rulings: a deliberate omission of a pillar of prayer, or speech, or eating in it, voids the prayer; a deliberate eating, drinking or intercourse breaks the fast by agreement ^{1 2}. Deliberate homicide is forbidden by agreement; the majority accept the repentance of the killer, while some early scholars deny it ². A deliberate utterance of unbelief counts as apostasy; a divorce pronounced deliberately takes effect, while a slip of the tongue or a word said by one who has lost his reason does not ^{2 3}. Lying about the Prophet deliberately is among the gravest sins, and the false oath (yamin ghamus) is a major sin; breaking an oath deliberately may be obligatory, recommended, permitted, disliked or forbidden according to the matter sworn about ^{3 4}.