اقتيات

اقتيات

Iqtiyat in the language means eating the staple food (qut), which is what keeps a person alive, such as wheat and rice. Staple foods are those fit to sustain bodies on a regular basis, unlike things that give only occasional sustenance. The jurists use the word in its lexical sense; al-Dusuqi defines a staple as what sustains the body so that it does not decay when one is limited to it. Foods in general are a wider category than staples. The jurists treat the staple in three places: zakat, since there is no disagreement that zakat is due on crops and fruit that are staple and storable; the sale of ribawi goods, where the majority do not count being a staple as the cause of riba, but the Malikis do, together with storability; and hoarding, where the jurists agree that hoarding staples is forbidden, most of them holding it unlawful, and most hold that hoarding applies only to staples. ¹

تعریف

اقتیات کا لغوی مطلب قوت یعنی وہ غذا کھانا ہے جس سے جسم قائم رہے، جیسے گندم اور چاول۔ قوت وہ غذا ہے جو جسم کو ہمیشہ کے لیے سہارا دے سکے۔ ¹

فقہاء اسے لغوی معنی میں استعمال کرتے ہیں۔ دسوقی کے نزدیک قوت وہ چیز ہے جس پر جسم کا انحصار ہو اور اسی پر اکتفا کرنے سے جسم خراب نہ ہو۔ غذا کا دائرہ قوت سے وسیع ہے۔ ¹

زیرِ بحث مقامات

زکوٰۃ: قوت اور قابلِ ذخیرہ فصلوں اور پھلوں پر زکوٰۃ واجب ہونے میں کوئی اختلاف نہیں۔ ¹
ربوی اشیاء کی بیع: جمہور کے نزدیک اقتیات ربا کی علت نہیں، جبکہ مالکیہ قوت اور ذخیرہ کو علت مانتے ہیں۔ ¹
احتکار: فقہاء کا اتفاق ہے کہ قوت کا احتکار ممنوع ہے، اکثر اسے حرام کہتے ہیں، اور اکثر کے نزدیک احتکار صرف قوت میں ہوتا ہے۔ ¹

الأكل

Eating is part of the faith: forbidden food is warned against, and the forbidden foods are known from the text and the Sunna. Eating has rulings that vary by need: obligatory up to what keeps life, required for prayer and fasting, recommended for earning and learning, permitted up to satiety, and forbidden beyond it. It is recommended for the one who sacrifices to eat from his sacrifice; the jurists differ on a sacrifice that was vowed. For expiations the Shafi'is and Hanbalis require transfer of ownership, while the Hanafis accept enabling the needy to eat. Manners include saying the basmala, eating with the right hand and from what is nearest, not blaming food, and not reclining while eating. A person in necessity may eat the forbidden only enough to keep alive. Eating from another's orchard or field without leave is allowed only under conditions.

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