عموم

العُمُوم

In the lexicon, 'umum is the act of covering and including, from 'amma, to cover. Some usulis define it as the inclusion of individuals at once; al-Mazari defines a general statement as one that includes two things or more ¹. The general term (amm) is a word that applies to individuals of agreed limits in full, the particular (khusus) is its opposite, and the shared term (mushtarak) has two or more meanings used alternately ^{1 2}. The majority of usulis hold that a general text establishes its ruling over everything it covers unless a proof says otherwise; the rules of exception and its disputes are treated in the legal-theory appendix ².