Elephant's sweat (musth perfume)

This is the sweat that appears at one season of the year on the foreheads and heads of elephants in the land of India, and which is like musk. The Indians watch for its appearance, collect it, and mix it into some of their fine perfumes, so that the costliest of their perfumes is used by their kings and nobles. Many of their warriors use it at encounters and in battle, since they believe it strengthens the heart and fortifies the spirit. It appears most in the time of the elephant's rut and frenzy, when its keepers flee from it and it no longer distinguishes between those it knows and others. The elephant then runs away from its homeland for about a month while still under the influence of its frenzy. ²

What is not recorded here needs a further source.