The fire-temples

بيوت النيران

The first fire-temple builder, in al-Mas'udi's telling, was Afridun — told the flame was a link to God of the luminous kind, he took a share to Khurasan: the houses of Tus, Bukhara's Bard-Sura, Bahman's Karakir in Sijistan, the Shiz house whose idols Anushirwan cast out or whose fire he moved to al-Baraka, Kaykhusraw's Kawsaja, Qumis's Jarish spared by Alexander, Siyawush's Kanjadha toward China, and Arjan's — the animals' rush at flame glossed by moth and by Basra's lamp-fished waters 1.

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Tradition versus culture

Overview

According to al-Masudi, the first of the Persian kings to set up fire temples was Afridun. He found a fire that its people venerated, and they told him that it was an intermediary between God and His creation, of the kind of the luminous gods. They gave the light degrees and distinguished the nature of fire from that of light. He ordered part of it to be carried to Khurasan, and a house was made for it at Tus, and another at Bukhara called Burd Surah. The house of Karakar in Sijistan was built by Bahman ibn Isfandiyar; a house in al-Shiz and al-Ran, from which Anushirvan removed his idols, and it is said he moved its fire to al-Barka; Kawsaja was built by Kay Khusraw; Jurish in Qumis, of which it is said that Alexander left it unextinguished; Kanjada was built by Siyawush ibn Kay Kawus in the east of China, on the side of Barkand; and a house in Arjan was established in the days of Bahrasf. The people explained the attraction of animals to fire, like moths at night, and the emergence of fish to the lamps of boats, as is done with fishing in the land of Basra. 2

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People and things also explored

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings· al-Anwāʾ (Star Rains)· Jahiliyya names of days and months· The ill-omened days· Divining Arrows· The temples of the seven planets· The ghul· al-Hāma (Vengeful Owl)

Sources

  1. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p. 549-550
  2. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p.549-550
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The fire-temples”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/buyut-al-niran/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings

al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.