المظالم

The mazalim (grievances) was an administrative judicial institution, which the caliph convened or for which he appointed a judge as deputy, to hear complaints of injustice that went beyond the work of ordinary judgement. ²

The Abbasid caliph al-Mahdi took an interest in it, and he had a house made with an iron window through which complaints were thrown. ²

Al-Muhtadi built a dome with four doors, which he called "the dome of grievances," where he sat to hear both the general public and the privileged. ³