Mu'amalat (dealings and transactions)

المعاملات

Mu'amalat, in the jurists' usage, is the division of fiqh that governs people's transactions with one another — contracts, property and marriage and what attaches to them — as against worship, which is the servant's dealing with his Lord. The Kuwaiti Fiqh Encyclopedia orders its doors: sales and their kinds, riba and exchange, salam and istisna', debt, loan and pledge, hire and the hireling, gifts, loans and deposits, partnership, mudaraba, muzara'a and musaqat, transfer, guarantee, surety and agency, reconciliation and acknowledgment, bequests and inheritance, marriage with its dower, divorce, khul', waiting period, nursing, maintenance and custody, oaths and their expiation, testimony and proof, adjudication, usurpation, found property, pre-emption and the revival of dead land, interdiction and coercion — all of it bound by the root of justice and trustworthiness and returning rights to their owners, as God says: 'God commands you to render the trusts to their owners and, when you judge between people, to judge with justice' ¹. The museum's Akhlaq and Mu'amalat Browser gathers every mention of them in the Qur'an, the Sunnah, the seerah and every harvested book ^{2 3}.