الزندقة

Zandaqa (heresy), as Ahmad Amin presents it, was an accusation that circulated on the tongues in the early Abbasid period, and people were attributed to it rightly and wrongly. ²

Ahmad Amin says that people would hear a poet's verse and look into it to accuse him of heresy. ²

Ahmad Amin describes the conflict between doubt, atheism, and pure faith in that age as a raging war. He notes that trickery, secret methods, the sword, gatherings, and arguments were used in it. He says that the historians did not take care to record it as they recorded political wars, so the researcher finds only scattered fragments. ²

What is not recorded here: the juristic definition of heresy and the views of the scholars on it. It needs a further source.