the day of ʿAyn Ubāgh — al-Mundhir ibn Māʾ al-Samāʾ killed by the Ghassanid al-Ḥārith

يوم عين أباغ — مقتل المنذر بن ماء السماء

554 CE

'Ayn Ubagh → al-Hira

At ʿAyn Ubāgh in Dhāt al-Khiyār, al-Mundhir ibn Māʾ al-Samāʾ — who had taken al-Ḥīra with all of Maʿadd — offered the Ghassanid al-Ḥārith the Lame ransom or war. They agreed their sons should duel to decision, but al-Mundhir sent a champion disguised as his son; twice a Ghassanid prince cried «this is no son of al-Mundhir» and twice the old king answered «the shaykh would never betray» — until Shamir ibn ʿAmr crossed over and revealed the trick. With forty thousand the Ḥārith broke the Lakhmid host and killed al-Mundhir, laid him above the two dead princes on one camel — «a singleton beneath the pair», which became a proverb — sacked and burned al-Ḥīra, and raised the two Ghurāb towers over his sons' graves 1.

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Pre-Islamic Arabia

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Summary

The Day of Ayn Ubagh was fought between al-Mundhir ibn Ma' al-Sama', king of al-Hira, and al-Harith al-A'raj ibn Abi Shamir, king of Ghassan. Al-Mundhir gave al-Harith the choice between ransom and war. They agreed instead on a duel between their sons: whichever side lost all its sons would withdraw. Al-Mundhir then broke faith. He sent out one of his bravest slaves dressed as his own son, and the slave killed al-Harith's two sons. Al-Harith kept saying that the old man would not have betrayed him, until Shamir ibn Amr al-Hanafi warned him, and he went after al-Mundhir. Al-Harith marched with forty thousand men, killed al-Mundhir, routed his armies, and carried him on a single camel above his two sons. He said a phrase that became proverbial, meaning that the extra load was laid over the two. He then went to al-Hira, plundered and burned it, buried his two sons there, and according to one account built al-Gharayn over them. 1

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Occurred at
'Ayn Ubagh· al-Hira
Had participant
al-Mundhir ibn Maʾ al-Samaʾ· al-Harith ibn Abi Shamir al-Ghassani· Shamir ibn 'Amr al-Hanafi

People and things also explored

the day of Ḥalīma — al-Mundhir 'the Black' killed by al-Ḥārith's hundred· al-Mundhir ibn Maʾ al-Samaʾ· al-Hira· Abu Ubayd's Dispatch to Iraq· The killing of Amr ibn Hind, called Mudarrit al-Hijara· The Devising and Spread of Arabic Script· Battle of Ullays (12 AH)· The Peace of al-Hira

Sources

  1. al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir , p. 407-408
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islam.museum contributors. “the day of ʿAyn Ubāgh — al-Mundhir ibn Māʾ al-Samāʾ killed by the Ghassanid al-Ḥārith”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/yawm-ayn-ubagh/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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the day of Ḥalīma — al-Mundhir 'the Black' killed by al-Ḥārith's hundred

To avenge his father, the new Lakhmid king al-Mundhir «the Black» marched to Ḥalīma's meadow. For days neither side prevailed, the Ghassanid army eating from great platters set among them. Then al-Ḥārith offered tribute and asked to send «the heads of the tribes to settle matters»: a hundred youths — some say eighty — with swords hidden beneath burnouses, perfumed and dressed by his daughter Ḥalīma. When they stood before the king they bared steel and cut down the Iraqi nobles, including the king himself; the rider Labīd ibn ʿAmr, promised Ḥalīma's hand, refused to survive («let no one say I fled a hundred») and died fighting. The genealogists disputed which Mundhir fell at which day; Ibn al-Athīr judges the slain king was al-Mundhir ibn Māʾ al-Samāʾ and the son died at al-Ḥīra.