الإباضية

The Ibadiyya are followers of Abd Allah ibn Ibad, the Kharijite, who died in the time of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. According to Ahmad Amin, they are the only one of the Kharijite groups that lived and spread, in North Africa, Oman, Hadramawt and Zanzibar, and has continued to the present day. ²

Ahmad Amin says that they have theological roots strongly influenced by the Mu'tazila: the createdness of the Qur'an, that God is not seen in Paradise, and that He does not forgive grave sins. He says they have their own books of jurisprudence that differ from the People of the Sunna on some points, such as their view that marriage is valid only among themselves. ³

The revolt of al-Julanda in Oman broke out among them in the year 134 AH. Their writings preserved in the Maghrib and Oman some of their literary traces from the early Abbasid period. ⁴

The sources say that Dawan in Hadramawt was the seat of their imamate in the fourth century, according to al-Hamdani. ⁵