HATTAT — TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi (M. Uğur Derman)

الخطّاط — موسوعة TDV الإسلامية ⁦(م. أوغور درمان)⁩

The TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi entry 'HATTAT' (calligrapher) by M. Uğur Derman (vol. 16, Istanbul 1997, pp. 493–499). It covers the meaning and history of the word, the scribes and copyists before the calligrapher, the master-pupil practice (meşk), the stages and ceremony of the licence (icâzet), signatures and lineages, the Ottoman schools and court offices, a list of masters with their dates of death, and the principal bibliographic works.