The planets' reign and the world's cycles

سلطان الكواكب ودور العالم

The astronomers' doctrine of world-cycles: Virgo now reigns 7,000 years — this world's age — Jupiter assisting; when the governing planet completes its full course the world ends, the cycle returns to the first, persons and forms recur with their matter, and so forever — Aries' reign 12,000 years, Taurus' 11,000 1.

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Astronomy and timekeepingPhilosophy and logic

Overview

According to al-Masudi, the astronomers spoke about the end of the world, its decline, and its return anew. They said that the sultan of this time belongs to Virgo (al-sunbula), which lasts seven thousand years, the age of this human world, and that Jupiter helped it in its governance. 2

The cycle of the world

Their account of the end of the world is that the governing planet completes its full distance by its powers many times, and when it completes it, annihilation and decay fall. When the planets complete their courses and revolutions, the governance returns to the first of them, and the persons and forms of every world return with the gathering of the matter, and thus the affair of the world proceeds forever. 2

They claimed that the sultanate of Aries lasts twelve thousand years, and the sultanate of Taurus eleven thousand years. 2

People and things also explored

Al-Abhari, Athir al-Din al-Mufaddal ibn Umar· Umar Khayyam· Qibla-finding by stars, winds, mountains and rivers· The seven climates· The world's createdness or eternity· The earth's sphericity· The moon's night-litany· The transmigration of souls

Sources

  1. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p. 522
  2. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p.522
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The planets' reign and the world's cycles”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/saltanat-al-kawakib/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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Al-Abhari, Athir al-Din al-Mufaddal ibn Umar

One of the best-known scholars of Islamic thought in logic, astronomy and mathematics. The nisba al-Abhari refers to the town of Abhar; his birthplace is not firmly established.