Ali declines to keep Muawiya in office

رفض علي إبقاء معاوية في ولايته

35 AH

After the pledge of allegiance, al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba advised keeping Muawiya in Syria for a while and Ibn Abbas warned that dismissal would stir Syria; Ali refused, saying he would not employ Muawiya for two days 1. Al-Aqqad judges that Ali was right, since Muawiya was building a state for himself and his heirs 2.

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Era
The Rashidun Caliphate
Region
Levant & Iraq
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موجز

بعد مبايعة علي بالخلافة، أشار المغيرة بن شعبة بإبقاء معاوية في الشام مؤقتاً، فرفض علي وقال إنه لا يستعمل معاوية يومين 1.

المشورة

ينقل العقاد أن المغيرة قال لعلي إن الرأي اليوم يُحرز به ما في غد، وأن يُقرّ معاوية على عمله حتى تستقر له بيعة الجند، ثم يُستبدل أو يُترك 1. ونبّه ابن عباس إلى أن معاوية وأصحابه أهل دنيا، وأن العزل يقول فيه أهل الشام إن الأمر أُخذ بغير شورى، فينتقض أهل الشام والعراق 1.

الامتناع

رفض علي أن يداهن في دينه أو يعطي الدنية في أمره 1. وكان عمر قد ولّى معاوية الشام، وعثمان أقره، فكان علي يرد على من يحتجون بأن معاوية من ولاة عمر: كان عمر أخوف لمعاوية من غلامه، أما بعد عمر فلا يخاف 3.

حكم العقاد

يرى العقاد أن معاوية لم يعمل في الشام عمل والٍ يقنع بولايته، بل عمل عمل صاحب دولة تُؤسس لأبنائه، فجمع الأقطاب حوله، واشترى الأنصار، واستعد للبقاء الطويل 2. ومن ثم فإقرار معاوية لم يكن أسلم للأمة، والصواب في نظره كان مع علي 2. هذا حكم المؤلف، يُعرض هنا قراءةً لا حكماً للمتحف.

ما لم يُحسم

لم يقدّم الكتاب دليلاً على أن الإقرار كان سيدفع الخلاف، ولا على أن العزل كان سيُنهيه. وهذا بابٌ يبقى مفتوحاً، ويعرض المتحف فيه الرأيين بوصفهما رأي المشيرين، ورأي المؤلف، دون ترجيح.

Opinions on the question

The question: Would keeping Muawiya in office have been safer, or was dismissal right?

First opinion · Sunni tradition (the museum's frame)Main reference

Not yet set out from a named Sunni source

No classical Sunni position on this episode is recorded here; to be added from a named source (needs_source).
More opinions (1)

Other viewOther opinion

Al-Aqqad's judgement: refusal was the sounder course

Al-Aqqad judges that Ali's view was the sounder: keeping Muawiya would not have calmed matters, and Muawiya was building a state rather than holding a governorship {cite:abqariyyat-ali-aqqad p.96}. This is the author's judgement, not the museum's.

Connections

Explore the connections

Had participant
Ali ibn Abi Talib· Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan· al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba· Abdullah ibn Abbas
Led to
Battle of Siffin

People and things also explored

Letters between Ali and Muawiya after the Camel· Reported advice to Ali by Ibn Abbas and al-Mughira on keeping or removing Uthman's governors· Qays ibn Sa'd's governorship of Egypt and Ali's letter to him· Ali appoints the sons of al-Abbas and Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr as governors· Ali burns people in Kufa who claimed he was God· the truce between ʿAli and Muʿāwiya (40 AH)· Ali spares Amr ibn al-As after he was exposed· The burial of the Prophet

Sources

  1. The Genius of Imam Ali (Abqariyyat al-Imam Ali) , p.94
  2. The Genius of Imam Ali (Abqariyyat al-Imam Ali) , p.96
  3. The Genius of Imam Ali (Abqariyyat al-Imam Ali) , p.95
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Ali declines to keep Muawiya in office”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/ali-declines-to-retain-muawiya/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-22.

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Related

Letters between Ali and Muawiya after the Camel

After the Camel, Ali wrote to Muawiya urging him to enter the community's allegiance, noting that the consultation belonged to the Emigrants and Helpers and that Talha and Zubayr had broken their pledge. Muawiya replied that he would not pledge until Uthman's killers were handed over, and disputed that the Medinan pledge bound the people of Syria. Al-Aqqad sees each closed door opening onto another, so that the letters ended without an agreement.