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Abd al-Majid I

Abdülmecid I — Mahmud II's son, 'of slight build, sharp mind, realistic and merciful'; under Mustafa Rashid Pasha's hand the Tanzimat ran on three tracks: Western military and administrative models, secularising the social order, and centralising Istanbul's power over the provinces.

Reign · Ottoman Empire · no. 23 in the chain · 1839–1861 CE

Ruled the caliphate

Events of the reign

Abaza Uprisings

Draft card for the nineteenth-century Abaza uprisings in Circassia against Ottoman taxation; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Acre

Draft card for the Battle of Acre in 1840, the Allied bombardment of Ibrahim Pasha's fortress in the Syrian War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Akhaltsikhe

Draft card for the Battle of Akhaltsikhe in 1853, the Ottoman stand against the Russians in the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Alma

Draft card for the Battle of the Alma in 1854, the first action of the Crimean War in which the Ottoman state fought alongside the allies; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Cetate

Draft card for the Battle of Cetate in 1853, the Ottoman victory over the Russians at the Crimean War's opening; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of the Chernaya

Draft card for the Battle of the Chernaya in 1855, Russia's defeat by the French and Sardinians in the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Daan (1841)

Draft card for Battle of Daan (1841); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Enguri (1855)

Draft card for the Battle of Enguri in 1855, an action of the Caucasus front of the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Eupatoria

Draft card for the Battle of Eupatoria in 1855, the Ottoman garrison's repulse of the Russian assault in the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Inkerman

Draft card for the Battle of Inkerman in 1854, the Crimean War engagement in which the allies and the Ottomans fought the Russians; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Kolašin (1858)

Draft card for the Battle of Kolašin in 1858, an Ottoman–Montenegrin clash; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Nahr al-Kalb (1840)

Draft card for Battle of Nahr al-Kalb (1840); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Nigoiti

Draft card for the Battle of Nigoiti, an action of the Caucasus front of the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Nezib

Draft card for the Battle of Nezib in 1839, Ibrahim Pasha's victory over the Ottoman army that shook the sultanate; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Battle of Sidon

Draft card for the Battle of Sidon in 1840, the Allies' expulsion of Ibrahim Pasha's army from the coast; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The great Bursa earthquake of 1855

The earthquake of 1855 CE struck Bursa's monuments hard: the Orhan Gazi Mosque suffered serious damage later repaired, the Yıldırım Bayezid Mosque lost one of its minarets, and the Emir Sultan Mosque was damaged and rebuilt.
Capture of Bitlis (1855)

Draft card for Capture of Bitlis (1855); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Capture of Gergebil (1843)

Draft card for Capture of Gergebil (1843); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Capture of Vedeno (1859)

Draft card for the capture of Vedeno in 1859, the fall of Shamil's capital to the Russians in the Caucasian War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Dersim Uprisings

Draft card for Dersim Uprisings; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
French expedition to Syria (1860)

Draft card for the French expedition to Syria in 1860–61 following the Mount Lebanon civil conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Herzegovina Uprising

Draft card for the Herzegovina Uprising of 1852–62, Luka Vukalović's rising against the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
The Gülhane Rescript (Khatt-i Sharif)

The Gülhane decree (1839): Reshid Pasha's charter proclaiming equal rights for all Ottoman subjects regardless of faith — denounced by the ulema, and read by the source as the price paid to Britain for settling the Egyptian crisis.
The Khatt-i Humayun (Imperial Rescript)

The 1856 Reform Edict (Khatt-i Hümayun): Abdülmecid's decree confirming Gülhane and going further — abolishing tax-farming, equal conscription and equal treatment for every Ottoman subject whatever their faith.
1854 Macedonian rebellion

Draft card for the 1854 Macedonian rebellion, the Greeks' uprising against the Ottomans during the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Muhammad Ali's campaign on Syria

Muhammad Ali's Syrian war (1831–1840): Ibrahim Pasha conquered Syria on the pretext of Acre harbouring Egyptian draft-dodgers, beat the Ottoman army deep into Anatolia, forced the Porte into the Russian alliance of Hünkâr İskelesi (1833) — until the 1840 London convention confined Egyptian rule to Muhammad Ali's lifetime.
Second Egyptian–Ottoman War

Draft card for the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War of 1839–1841, Ibrahim Pasha's second war ended by his withdrawal from Syria under the powers' pressure; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Serbian–Ottoman Wars

Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman wars of 1352–1913, the centuries of Serb–Ottoman conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Siege of Karbala (1843)

Draft card for the Siege of Karbala in 1843, Najib Pasha's storming of the city to restore Ottoman rule; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Siege of Kars

Draft card for the Siege of Kars in 1855, the Ottoman-British garrison's stand then surrender to Russia in the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Siege of Sevastopol

Draft card for the Siege of Sevastopol from 1854 to 1855, the Crimean War's great siege in which the Ottoman state fought alongside the allies; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
Siege of Silistra

Draft card for the Siege of Silistra in 1854, the Ottoman stand against the Russians in the Crimean War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.

The museum record for this caliph