محمود الأول
Mahmud I (r. 1143–1168/1730–1754) — brought in the first European military adviser (the Comte de Bonneval), yet won the war that produced the Treaty of Belgrade 1739: Austria ceded Belgrade, Serbia and Wallachia back, and Russia pledged no Black Sea fleet.
Reign · Ottoman Empire · no. 16 in the chain · 1730–1754 CE
Ruled the caliphate
Events of the reign
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Ahmad Shah Durrani occupies Lahore, Muharram 1161/January 1748
After the death of the Punjab governor Zakariyya Khan in 1158/1745 and the ensuing power struggle between his sons, the Afghan Ahmad Shah Durrani launched his first invasion of the Punjab and occupied Lahore in Muharram 1161/January 1748; following a treaty in the winter of 1165/1751-2 the city passed into the Afghan sphere of influence.
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Austro–Turkish War (1737–1739)
Draft card for Austro–Turkish War (1737–1739); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Banja Luka
Draft card for the Battle of Banja Luka in 1737, the Ottoman victory over the Imperials in Bosnia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Chechen-Aul (1732)
Draft card for the Battle of Chechen-Aul in 1732, a Russian–Chechen clash in the Caucasus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Grocka
Draft card for the Battle of Grocka in 1739, the Ottoman victory over Austria that ended the war of 1737–39; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Kars
Draft card for the 1745 Battle of Kars, Nader Shah's last battle with the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Khyber Pass
Draft card for the 1738 Battle of Khyber Pass, Nader Shah's defeat of the Mughal force; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Kirkhbulakh
Draft card for the Battle of Kirkhbulakh in 1751, fought between the contesting Caucasus khanates; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Krajova (1737)
Draft card for Battle of Krajova (1737); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Kurijan (1731)
Draft card for Battle of Kurijan (1731); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Lahore
Draft card for the Battle of Lahore in 1752, Ahmad Shah Durrani's victory securing Punjab; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Lavarug (1749)
Draft card for Battle of Lavarug (1749); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Manupur
Draft card for the Battle of Manupur in 1748, the Mughal-Sikh repulse of Ahmad Shah Durrani's first invasion; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Mosul
Draft card for the Battle of Mosul in 1745, Nader Shah's failed attempt on the city against the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Ostrovica
Draft card for Battle of Ostrovica; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Salgir (1737)
Draft card for Battle of Salgir (1737); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Samarra
Draft card for the Battle of Samarra in 1733, Nader Shah's victory over Topal Osman in the Iraqi war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Stavuchany
Draft card for the Battle of Stavuchany in 1739, the Russian victory over the Ottoman army; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Battle of Yeghevard
Draft card for the Battle of Yeghevard in 1735, Nader Shah's crushing of the Ottoman army near Yerevan; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Capture of Belgrade
Draft card for the Capture of Belgrade in 1739, the Austrian surrender of the city to the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Capture of Samarkand
Draft card for Nader Shah's capture of Samarkand in 1740, the Afsharid entry into the city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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The Mughals cede Lahore and Multan to Ahmad Shah Durrani, 1752
In 1752 Ahmad Shah Durrani forced the feeble Mughal emperor to cede to him the subas of Lahore and Multan; the following decades were dominated by warfare with the Sikhs that culminated in Ranjit Singh's conquest of the city in 1818.
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The great fire of Edirne
Edirne's decline was hastened by the fire of 1158/1745, in which some sixty quarters of the city were burnt down, followed by the earthquake of 1164/1751.
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Java War of 1741–1743
Draft card for the Java War of 1741–1743, the Chinese-Javanese rising against the Dutch East India Company; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Nadir Shah sacks Delhi (1739)
Nadir Shah Afshar broke the Mughal army at Karnal, entered Delhi in 1739, massacred multitudes of its people and carried its treasury, with the Peacock Throne, to Iran.
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Ottoman–Persian War (1732-1736)
Draft card for Ottoman–Persian War (1732-1736); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Ottoman–Persian War of 1743–1746
Draft card for the Ottoman–Persian War of 1743–1746, Nadir Shah's war on Mosul and the Jazira; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739
Draft card for the Russo-Turkish War of 1735–1739; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Serbian–Ottoman Wars
Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman wars of 1352–1913, the centuries of Serb–Ottoman conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Astarabad (1752)
Draft card for Siege of Astarabad (1752); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Azov (1736)
Draft card for the Siege of Azov in 1736, the Russian capture of the Ottoman fortress; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Baghdad
Draft card for the Siege of Baghdad in 1733, Nader Shah's attempt to take it from the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Bender (1738)
Draft card for Siege of Bender (1738); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Ganja
Draft card for the Siege of Ganja of 1734–1735, Nader Shah's recovery of the city from the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Kandahar
Draft card for the Siege of Kandahar of 1737–1738, Nader Shah's recapture of the city from the Hotaks; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Kars (1735)
Draft card for Siege of Kars (1735); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Kars (1744)
Draft card for the Siege of Kars in 1744, Nader Shah's failed attempt on the fortress during the Ottoman–Persian War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Mashhad
Draft card for Siege of Mashhad; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Mosul
Draft card for the Siege of Mosul in 1743, the city's stand against Nader Shah; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Ochakov (1737)
Draft card for the Siege of Ochakov in 1737 during the Austro-Russian-Turkish War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Perekop (1736)
Draft card for the Siege of Perekop in 1736, breaching the Crimean Tatar defense line; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Urmia (1731)
Draft card for Siege of Urmia (1731); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Siege of Užice (1737)
Draft card for Siege of Užice (1737); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Sieges of Tiberias (1742–43)
Draft card for the sieges of Tiberias in 1742–43, Zahir al-Umar's defense of the city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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Treaty of Belgrade
Belgrade, 1739 — the last great Ottoman diplomatic victory: after checking the Russians in Moldavia and beating the Austrians in Serbia, Austria ceded back Belgrade, Serbia and Wallachia, and Russia undertook to build no ships on the Black Sea and to raze Azov.