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Ronda is one of the fortified cities west of Malaga, in al-Andalus. Al-Maqqari mentions that the lord of Castile besieged it in Jumada I of the year 890 AH, when its people had gone out to support Dhakwan. He demolished its walls, and its people came out under safe conduct. All that land obeyed him, and nothing remained west of Malaga except whoever had entered his obedience. ²

دخول عبد الرحمن الداخل الأندلس

In year 138 Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya ibn Hisham the Umayyad entered al-Andalus and seized it; his days extended and al-Andalus remained in his descendants' hands past the year 400. A man of learning and justice whose mother was Berber, they said: 'The world is ruled by two sons of Berber women — al-Mansur and Abd al-Rahman ibn Muawiya.' By year 148 nothing lay outside al-Mansur's sway but al-Andalus, held by Abd al-Rahman, who did not take the title Commander of the Faithful but only amir — as did his sons.

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دخول عبد الرحمن الداخل الأندلس