What was al-Andalus? · Islam Museum

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Scripture and its sciences

Overview

Al-Andalus is the Iberian peninsula under Islamic rule from 711 to 1492. Centuries of civilization flourished in Cordoba, Granada and Toledo, and it ended with the fall of Granada. ¹

People and things also explored

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings· The seven ahruf· Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· The Prophetic sira· Command, prohibition and capacity· Bid'a (religious innovation)· Sacred hadith (hadith qudsi)

Sources

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islam.museum contributors. “What was al-Andalus?”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/questions/what-was-al-andalus/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-18.

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The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings

al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.