Fath between the people (judgment)

الفتح بين القوم

In Rida's reading, fath in Shu'ayb's prayer means judgment and decision between two sides. He reports a narration from Ibn Abbas that he had not understood the word until a woman of Yemen said 'come, let me judge with you', and an Arab woman said 'between me and you is the fattah'; he infers from the Arabic usage that the sense is not Quraysh's, and cites al-Suddi's view that the word is Yemeni.

Depth

At a glance

Era
The Prophetic Era
Region
Arabia
Review
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Scripture and its sciences

Summary

In Shu'ayb's prayer in Al-A'raf 89, he asks God to "open" between his people and himself in truth. Rida holds that the opening here means judgement and the deciding between two parties, and that every opening between two parties carries the sense of judgement, from which victory derives. 1

The report of Ibn Abbas

Rida relates a report from Ibn Abbas that he did not understand the meaning of this prayer until he heard the daughter of Dhu Yazan say to her husband, "Come, let me open [a case] against you", and a Bedouin woman say to her husband, "Between me and you is the one who opens". Early exegetes, including Ibn al-Anbari and al-Bayhaqi, transmitted the report and understood "opening" as settling a dispute at law. 1

What the language shows

Rida holds that the report shows linguistically that this sense of "opening" as judging is not Qurashi, and he mentions al-Suddi's view that it is Yemeni, while some limited it to Himyari. 1

Opening in the Qur'an

Rida gives examples of "opening" in the sense of judgement in the Qur'an, including a verse in Surah Saba and Noah's prayer in Surah al-Shu'ara', and holds that what Shu'ayb meant by his prayer is exactly what Noah meant. 1

People and things also explored

The seven ahruf· Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· The Prophetic sira· The Prophetic Sunna· Command, prohibition and capacity· The Sunna as explanation of the Qur'an· Bid'a (religious innovation)

Sources

  1. Tafsir al-Manar, volume 9 , p.9
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Fath between the people (judgment)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/fath-bayn-al-qawm/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Last updated 2026-10-19.

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Wing

Words

Qur'an, hadith, poetry, and the languages and scripts of Muslim peoples.
Related

The seven ahruf

The Prophet's saying 'the Qur'an was revealed in seven ahruf, so read of it what is easy' — narrated through Umar's dispute with Hisham ibn Hakim over Surat al-Furqan; its exact meaning is one of the widest debates in Qur'anic sciences.