The ghul

الغول والغيلان

The desert ghul — goat-legged, appearing to travellers in lonely places; Arabs kept to the track chanting the goat-foot rajaz until it fled to the wadis. Umar is said to have struck one with his sword before Islam. Naturalist readings made it a deformed beast; a Hindu-astral theory made it the 48 stars 'bearing the ghul's head' (Ptolemy, Abu Ma'shar's Great Introduction). Distinct from the sa'la'at; the qutrub and ghaddar haunt Yemen and Upper Egypt; and the egg-genealogy of the jinn assigns them and the marada, abalisa and hawam their dwelling-places 1.

Depth

At a glance

Era
Pre-Islamic Arabia
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Tradition versus culture

Overview

Al-Masudi, in Muruj al-dhahab, transmits what the Arabs claimed about the ghul (ghoul), a creature that appears to them in lonely places and takes various forms. This is a presentation of a belief that spread among them. It is not the museum's own account. 2

The reports

They say that its legs are the legs of a she-goat. When the ghoul confronted them in the wilderness, they would recite rajaz verses, and it would flee from them into the bellies of the valleys. 2

Al-Masudi mentions that a group of Companions, among them Umar ibn al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him), witnessed it. He reports that Umar saw it on a journey to Syria before Islam, and struck it with his sword. 2

Other explanations

  • Some philosophers related that it is an abnormal, deformed animal not governed by nature.
  • A group in India held that they are persons who appear at the rising of the forty-eight constellations known as the bearers of the ghoul's head; Ptolemy and Abu Ma'shar mention them.
  • The Arabs distinguished between the sa'la and the ghoul, and counted the qutrub and the ghaddar as mischievous types in Yemen, the Tihama, and the upper Egyptian Sa'id.

2

Al-Masudi also gives, citing the historians, a lineage for the jinn and the places where they dwell. The details are in the book.

People and things also explored

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings· al-Anwāʾ (Star Rains)· Jahiliyya names of days and months· The ill-omened days· Divining Arrows· The temples of the seven planets· The fire-temples· al-Hāma (Vengeful Owl)

Sources

  1. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p. 469-472
  2. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p.469-472
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The ghul”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/ghul/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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Wing

Ideas

Beliefs, concepts, sciences and schools, explained in plain words.
Related

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings

al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.