The moon's night-litany

قول العرب في ليالي الشهور القمرية

The Arabs' question-and-answer litany on the moon each night of the month — first night 'a suckling kid, its folk milked into a pail', two 'tales of two false tribes', eight 'a loaf split by brothers', thirteen 'a dazzling moon', fifteen 'the full, the days spent' — through the month's wane 1.

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At a glance

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Overview

Al-Masudi mentions that the Arabs used to tell of the moon each night according to its brightness, in the manner of question and answer. 2

It is asked of the moon: "Which night's son are you?" and it answers with an image suited to the night. On the first night, "the suckling of a young she-goat"; on the second, "the talk of two maids"; on the third, "the talk of girls gathering from scattered places." The saying continues in this pattern until the end of the month. 2

On the thirteenth, "a brilliant moon," and on the fifteenth, "complete perfection, and the days have run out." 2

People and things also explored

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings· Qibla-finding by stars, winds, mountains and rivers· The seven climates· al-Anwāʾ (Star Rains)· Jahiliyya names of days and months· The ill-omened days· Divining Arrows· The temples of the seven planets

Sources

  1. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p. 512-513
  2. Muruj al-Dhahab — al-Masʼudi, p.512-513
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The moon's night-litany”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/concept/layali-al-qamar/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings

al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.