Intoxicants (muskirat)

المسكرات

Intoxicants in the forty-sixth hadith of Ibn Rajab's additions are a genus not confined to wine: 'every intoxicant is forbidden' — asked about Yemen's al-Bit', a honey-wine, and al-Mizr, a barley-wine, the Prophet generalised the ruling to every intoxicant, Muslim's wording adding 'everything that intoxicates away from the prayer is forbidden'; Ibn Rajab calls this hadith the foundation of the prohibition of all substances that veil the intellect, tracing its staging: wine was first forbidden at the approach of prayer through the verse 'do not approach the prayer while intoxicated' — after an Emigrant fumbled his recitation — and only later forbidden absolutely (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam p. 881).

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The lawful, the unlawful and the doubtful

The division of rulings and things into plainly lawful, plainly unlawful, and doubtful matters between them that many people cannot assign to either side though the firmly grounded in knowledge are not in doubt; Ibn Rajab gives as plainly lawful the good foods — crops, fruits, cattle — and marriage and concubinage when acquired by a valid contract; as plainly unlawful carrion, blood, pork, wine, marriage within the prohibited degrees, silk for men and unlawful gains such as usury, gambling, theft and usurpation; and as doubtful what is disputed as to its lawfulness — animals such as horses, mules, donkeys and the dabb lizard, intoxicating-when-abundant drinks, and disputed transactions such as 'ina and tawarruq — this being Ahmad's and Ishaq's and other imams' explanation of the doubtful; whoever avoids the doubtful clears his religion and honour, and whoever falls into it is like a shepherd at the edge of God's sanctuary.

Intoxicants (muskirat)

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The lawful, the unlawful and the doubtful