The Firuzkuh fitna (595 AH)
فتنة فيروزكوه بين الرازي والكرامية
595 AH
595 AH: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, newly honoured at the Ghurid court with a madrasa beside the Herat jami', debated the Karrami shaykh Ibn al-Qadwa before Sultan Ghiyath al-Din at Firuzkuh; after al-Razi insulted the standing sultan, Ibn al-Qadwa preached the next day disavowing the philosophers, the crowd wept and the town filled for riot until the sultan quieted it by sending al-Razi back to Herat — a window on Karrami strength in the Ghurid realm 1.
At a glance
- Era
- The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks
- Region
- Persia & Central Asia
- Review
- Draft Completeness 1/5 · Help complete it
Overview
In 595 AH Fakhr al-Din al-Razi came to the sultan Ghiyath al-Din al-Ghuri, who honoured him and built him a madrasa in Herat near the congregational mosque. Then a debate took place in Firuzkuh that ended in a strife. 2
The debate
Ibn al-Athir says that the jurists' attentiveness to al-Razi angered the Karramiyya, who were numerous in Herat, and he says that all the Ghurids were Karramiyya. The jurists of the Karramiyya, the Hanafis and the Shafi'is attended the debate before the sultan at Firuzkuh. 2
Al-Razi spoke, and Ibn al-Qadwa, the shaykh of the Karramiyya, objected to him. Ibn al-Athir reports that al-Razi was insolent toward the reigning sultan and insulted him, and that Ibn al-Qadwa only said: "Our lord would not do this." 2
The strife
The next day Ibn al-Qadwa mounted the pulpit and declared that he did not know the science of Aristotle or the philosophy of al-Farabi, and he described what was attributed to Ibn Sina as unbelief. He wept, and the Karramiyya wept, and the people rose up and nearly fought one another. The sultan sent to calm them and promised to expel al-Razi and return him to Herat. 2
The description here is given through Ibn al-Athir's account, and no other source has yet been added. An additional source is needed.
Connections
- Had participant
- Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam· Ibn al-Qadwa· فخر الدين الرازي
People and things also explored
فخر الدين الرازي· Ibn al-Qadwa· The Karramiyya· قتل شهاب الدين الغوري· Shihab al-Din al-Ghuri· Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad ibn Sam· The people of the qibla and not declaring takfir for sin· الغيبة
Sources
- al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir, p. 262
- al-Kamil fi'l-Tarikh of Ibn al-Athir, p.262
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “The Firuzkuh fitna (595 AH)”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/firuzkuh-fitna-595/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.