The treaty with Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, lord of Ayla
صلح النبي مع يحنة بن رؤبة صاحب أيلة
October 630 CE · Rajab 9 AH
When the Prophet reached Tabuk, Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, the master of Ayla, came to him, made peace and paid the jizya; the people of Jarba and Adhruh also came and paid it, and he wrote them a document they still hold. For Yuhanna and the people of Ayla he wrote a letter of safe-conduct whose text Ibn Ishaq preserves.
At a glance
- Era
- The Prophetic Era
- Region
- Arabia
- Review
- Draft Completeness 1/5 · Help complete it
In time
In space
Map: Natural Earth, public domain · places and route from the graph
Summary
When the Prophet reached Tabuk, Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, lord of Ayla, came to him, made peace and paid the jizya; the people of Jarba' and Adhruh came and paid the jizya, and he wrote them a letter still in their hands — and to Yuhanna and the people of Ayla he wrote a letter of security whose text Ibn Ishaq preserves. 1
The account
When the Prophet reached Tabuk, Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, lord of Ayla, came to him, made peace with the Prophet and paid him the jizya. 1
The people of Jarba' and Adhruh came and paid him the jizya; he wrote them a letter, which is with them per Ibn Ishaq. 1
To Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba and the people of Ayla he wrote a letter of security — see the Messenger's letter to Yuhanna. 1
Markers of weakness and doubt
- The text gives neither the amount of the jizya nor its basis of reckoning; the museum has added no figure.
Connections
- Had participant
- Yuhanna ibn Ru'baMuhammad
- Part of
- The expedition to Tabuk
- Occurred at
- Tabuk
- Mentioned in
- The Prophet's letter of safe-conduct to Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba and the people of Ayla
People and things also explored
Abu Dharr lags behind and follows on footAbu Khaythama catches up with the ProphetThe burial of Dhu al-Bijadayn at TabukA group of hypocrites mock the army, then excuse themselvesThe Prophet's prayer places between Medina and TabukThe stay at Tabuk and the return to MedinaThe Prophet's she-camel strays and Zayd ibn al-Lusayt's remarkThe treaty with Ukaydir
Sources
- al-Sira al-Nabawiyya — Ibn Hisham, al-Saqqa edition (1355/1936), 4/169
- al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri
Cite this page
islam.museum contributors. “The treaty with Yuhanna ibn Ru'ba, lord of Ayla”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/treaty-of-ayla/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-12.