Sultan Suleiman al-Qanuni, whose name was Suleiman ibn Selim I, was one of the sultans of the Ottoman state; he ruled from 926 to 974 AH (1520-1566 CE) and was the son of Selim I 1 2 3. He was born in Trabzon, where his father was governor, and came to the throne at the age of twenty-six 4. Al-Salabi reports that his father took great care of him, so that he grew up loving knowledge, literature, scholars and jurists, and that he was deliberate and did not go back on a decision once made 4. He counts four revolts put down in his first years, among them that of Jan-Berdi al-Ghazali, governor of Syria, and that of Ahmad Shah in Egypt in 930 AH 4 5.
Suleiman waged a great war on Rhodes from the middle of 1522 CE and took it, and he gave the Knights of Saint John the right to leave it, and they went to Malta 5. He defeated Hungary at the battle of Mohács in 1526 CE and entered Buda on 11 September; his armies reached the walls of Vienna in 1529 CE and then withdrew from it 6.
Tareq al-Suwaidan says that his greatest fame comes from the laws he issued with the Shaykh al-Islam Abu al-Su'ud Efendi, and that the Ottomans preferred the title al-Qanuni while Europeans called him "the Magnificent" 7 8 9 10 11. Al-Salabi counts his reign the golden age of the Ottoman state, and says that historians agree its greatness ended with his death 6 3.
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