Sultan al-Zahir Jaqmaq

السلطان الظاهر جقمق

c. 9 February 1453 CE · 3 Safar 857 AH

Tenth Circassian sultan (842-857): took power after the three-month reign of Barsbay's son, campaigned vainly at Rhodes, restored the pilgrim works at Ayn Hunayn and Mina's Khayf mosque, and — 'no king of Egypt in the Ayyubid or Turkish state matched his piety' — abdicated to his son, dying twelve days later at eighty 1.

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At a glance

Era
The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era
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Life in time

13501375140014251450147515001525 c. c.
The Crusades, Ayyubids and Mamluks · The Gunpowder Empires · The Mongol and Post-Mongol Era Contemporaries: Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi · Al-Ibshitay, Ahmad ibn Isma'il · Al-Biqa'i, Ibrahim ibn Umar · al-Burshani Ibrahim ibn Muhammad · al-Busrawi Ala al-Din Ali ibn Yusuf

Overview

Al-Zahir Abu Sa'id Jaqmaq ibn Abdallah al-Ala'i al-Zahiri, sultan of Egypt, Syria and the Hijaz. He is the thirty-fourth of the kings of the Turks and the tenth of the Circassians. He was made sultan in 842 AH after the deposition of al-Malik al-Aziz ibn Barsbay. 2

His sultanate

Ibn al-Imad says in Shadharat al-Dhahab that he raided Rhodes without conquering it, and that he built mosques, congregational mosques, bridges and causeways, repaired the spring of Hunayn, rebuilt the mosque of al-Khayf in Mina, and renewed places in the Sacred Precinct. 2

The author describes him as a lover of orphans, scholars and the righteous, and says that no one among the kings of Egypt is known to match his chastity and worship. This is the author's judgement, not the judgement of the museum. 2

His deposition and death

He fell ill at the end of Dhu al-Hijja 856 AH, deposed himself in Muharram 857 AH, and had his son al-Mansur Uthman made sultan. He died twelve days later at over eighty years of age, after a sultanate of fourteen years and ten months. Forty days later al-Mansur was deposed and al-Ashraf Inal took the throne. 2

The date of death (3 Safar 857 AH) is derived and converted to the Gregorian calendar, and needs an additional source.

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Ruler of
Cairo

People and things also explored

Al-Azhar Mosque· The Dar al-Hikma of Cairo· The battle of the Sudan between the two palaces· Sultan Qansuh al-Ghawri· الموفق ابن الخلال· الجامع الأزهر· Al-Zahir Baybars· Saladin: The Conqueror of Jerusalem

Sources

  1. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, p. 299-300
  2. Shadharat al-Dhahab — Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali, p.299-300
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “Sultan al-Zahir Jaqmaq”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/person/jaqmaq-al-zahiri/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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Al-Azhar Mosque

Al-Azhar at Cairo: founded by the Fatimids as the mosque of their da'wa, then turned by the vizier Ya'qub ibn Killis in 378 into a university teaching the sciences and letters — from a pulpit reserved for the Fatimid call into one of Egypt's foremost centres of learning beside the mosques of Amr, Ibn Tulun and al-Hakim.