Name: Arabian Peninsula
Address: Arabian Peninsula, Arabia

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Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan

A Qurashi of the Umayyad clan, son of Abu Sufyan and Hind bint Utba, who accompanied the Prophet and served as one of his scribes. Umar put him in charge in Syria after his brother Yazid, and he later refused allegiance to Ali, fought him at Siffin, and was recognised as caliph in the year of the community, 41/661, when al-Hasan stood down. He ruled until 60/680, held the Byzantine front by land and sea, governed through tribal leaders, and had the oath taken to his son Yazid; the Encyclopaedia of Islam reports that later writers judged him in sharply different ways.

Arabian Peninsula

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Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan