What was the Mongol invasion? · Islam Museum

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Scripture and its sciences

Overview

The Mongol invasion was the campaigns of Genghis Khan and his descendants against the Muslim world from 1219 to 1260. Baghdad was destroyed in 1258, and the Muslims stopped them at Ayn Jalut in 1260. ¹

People and things also explored

The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings· The seven ahruf· Hadith· Shama'il Muhammadiyya· The Prophetic sira· Command, prohibition and capacity· Bid'a (religious innovation)· Sacred hadith (hadith qudsi)

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islam.museum contributors. “What was the Mongol invasion?”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/questions/what-was-the-mongol-invasion/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-18.

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The abjad letters named for Madyan's kings

al-Mas'udi's etymology of the abjad numeral letters — the 29 letters of the abjad order named after six kings of Shu'ayb's people: Abjad of Mecca and the Hijaz, Hawwaz and Hutti of Wajj (the Ta'if and Najd lands), and Kalamn, Sa'fas and Qursht of Madyan or Egypt.