The First Abyssinian Occupation of Yemen

الاحتلال الحبشي الأول لليمن

340 CE – 378 CE

Yemen

In the age of disorder after 300 CE the Romans entered Aden and with their help the Abyssinians occupied Yemen for the first time in 340 CE, exploiting the rivalry of Hamdan and Himyar; the occupation lasted until 378 CE and brought Christian missions into Yemen, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.

Depth

At a glance

Era
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Region
Arabia
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In time

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Wars and campaigns

Overview

In the period of turmoil that "The Sealed Nectar" begins from 300 CE, the Romans entered Aden, and with their help the Abyssinians occupied Yemen for the first time in 340 CE, taking advantage of the rivalry between the tribes of Hamdan and Himyar. Their occupation lasted until 378 CE. 1 2

The religious effect

The Christian faith came to the lands of the Arabs by way of the occupation of Abyssinia and the Romans. In that time Christian mission entered the regions of Yemen, and near it Faymiyun entered Najran, and its people became Christians. 3 4

What followed

Yemen regained its independence after 378 CE, but breaches began to appear in the Ma'rib dam until the Flood of al-Arim befell it. 1 The second occupation, in 525 CE, is at its own entry.

Notes for researchers

The dates are the author's estimate from "Tafhim al-Quran", with his note on the great disagreement among the sources about the years. 5

For young visitors

The Abyssinians first occupied Yemen about three centuries before Islam, because the tribes of Yemen were quarrelling, and they stayed for about forty years.

Connections

Explore the connections

Occurred at
Yemen
Had participant
The Aksumite Kingdom (Abyssinia)· The Byzantine Empire· Banu Hamdan· Himyar
Part of
Pre-Islamic Arabia

People and things also explored

The Second Abyssinian Occupation of Yemen· Liberation and Persian Rule of Yemen· Dhu Nuwas (Yusuf Asʾar Yathʾar)· Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan (Maʾdikarib)· The sending of Mu'adh ibn Jabal to Yemen and the Prophet's charge to him· Nasr· Yaʿūq· Tuban As'ad Abu Karib

Sources

  1. al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, p.24
  2. Tafhim al-Quran — Abu al-A'la al-Mawdudi, 4/195-198
  3. al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, p.40
  4. al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, p.41
  5. al-Raheeq al-Makhtum — Safi al-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri, p.25
Cite this page

islam.museum contributors. “The First Abyssinian Occupation of Yemen”. islam.museum, https://islam.museum/en/event/first-abyssinian-occupation-of-yemen/. CC BY-SA 4.0. Accessed 2026-10-17.

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Related

The Second Abyssinian Occupation of Yemen

In 525, answering the Najran atrocity, the Roman emperors equipped an Abyssinian fleet which landed seventy thousand under Aryat; Aryat governed until his general Abraha killed him and ruled in his place — the Abraha of the elephant campaign against the Kaaba.