The Capitulation of Fadak

صلح فدك

c. 628 CE · c. 7 AH

In al-Baladhuri: on his return from Khaybar the Prophet sent Muhayyisa ibn Masud al-Ansari to the people of Fadak calling them to Islam — their chief then being a man of theirs called Yusha' ibn Nun the Jew — and they made peace for half the land with its soil, which he accepted; another report has a remnant of Khaybar's people fortify themselves and ask for their blood to be spared and safe passage, whereupon the people of Fadak came down on the like terms — so half of Fadak became the Prophet's alone, since it was not charged upon with horse or camel, and he used to spend its yield on wayfarers.

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Conquest by force (anwa)

Fath 'anwa in al-Baladhuri is taking a town or land by combat and siege: his example is Khaybar — he reports via Abd al-Razzaq from Ma'mar from al-Zuhri 'that the Prophet took Khaybar by force ('anwatan)', so its goods and Khaybar itself were divided among the fighters — in Ibn Abbas's report 'Khaybar was divided into one thousand five hundred and eighty shares' matching the number of combatants, the Prophet's safaya from it being an allotment from which he provisioned his wives, his uncle Abbas, Abu Bakr, Umar, al-Hasan, al-Husayn and Banu al-Muttalib; 'anwa contrasts with sulh — what was taken by treaty remained with its people on the treaty terms, like Fadak, while what was taken by force became booty divided among those present at the conquest.

The Capitulation of Fadak

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Conquest by force (anwa)