Non-Muslim minorities under Muslim rule
Family: Peoples, minorities and protected groups · 7 entries
Entries on this theme
Event
The Constitution of Medina
c. 622 CE · 1 AHA document, preserved in early sources, regulating relations among the Muslims and the other communities of Medina.Siege of Banu Qaynuqa
c. 9 April 624 CE · 15 Shawwal 2 AHA fifteen-day siege of the Jewish tribe Banu Qaynuqa in Shawwal 2 AH after their breach of the covenant; ended in their unconditional surrender and expulsion from Medina.The delegation of Najran
c. 631 CE · 9 AHSixty riders of Christian Najran came to Medina in 9 AH led by the Aqib, the Sayyid and Bishop Abu Haritha; when they declined Islam the Prophet offered the mutual invocation of God's curse (mubahala) with Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, they asked instead for terms, and a treaty granted them God's protection in exchange for two thousand garments a year.
Group
Banu Nadir
Medina's second Jewish tribe to break with the Prophet — date-palm landholders expelled to Khaybar in 625 after the breakdown of the pact, where their exiles kept the quarrel alive.Banu Qaynuqa'
The first of Medina's three Jewish tribes to break with the Prophet — goldsmiths of the city's market, besieged after Badr and expelled to Syria in 624.Banu Qurayza
Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era.The Jewish communities of Khaybar
The Jewish oasis communities of Khaybar, north of Medina — farmers and smiths behind strong fortresses, including exiles of Banu Nadir — subdued in 628 and left on the land under tribute until Umar's expulsion.
What is missing? Tell us · A theme is open when it has a reviewed guide, 10 questions, 25 entries across 5 classes, and voices from several traditions and regions.