خاندان: · 19 اندراجات
اس موضوع کے اندراجات
واقعہ
صحيفة المدينة
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · 1 ھA document, preserved in early sources, regulating relations among the Muslims and the other communities of Medina.غزوة بني قينقاع
تقریباً 9 اپریل 624 عیسوی · 15 شوال 2 ھA fifteen-day siege of the Jewish tribe Banu Qaynuqa in Shawwal 2 AH after their breach of the covenant; ended in their unconditional surrender and expulsion from Medina.وفد نجران
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھSixty riders of Christian Najran came to Medina in 9 AH led by the Aqib, the Sayyid and Bishop Abu Haritha; when they declined Islam the Prophet offered the mutual invocation of God's curse (mubahala) with Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, they asked instead for terms, and a treaty granted them God's protection in exchange for two thousand garments a year.
تصنیف
كتاب النبي إلى ملوك حمير
A letter the Prophet sent to al-Harith ibn Abd Kulal, Nu'aym ibn Abd Kulal and al-Nu'man, qayl of Dhu Ru'ayn, Ma'afir and Hamdan, in answer to their letter announcing their Islam: it records meeting their envoy at Medina on his return from the land of the Romans, sets out the Muslims' duties of prayer, zakat, the fifth of booty with the Prophet's share and safi, the sadaqa rates on crops, camels, cattle and sheep, and rules that a Jew or Christian who converts is a believer while one who keeps his faith is not turned from it and owes a jizya of one full dinar per adult or its value in cloth. A second part addresses Zur'a Dhu Yazan, commending the envoys under Mu'adh ibn Jabal and stating that sadaqa is unlawful for Muhammad and his household.عهد النبي إلى عمرو بن حزم حين بعثه إلى اليمن
A written charge the Prophet gave Amr ibn Hazm when sending him to Banu al-Harith ibn Ka'b: fear God, take what is right, give good tidings, teach the Qur'an which none may touch but the pure, be gentle in right and severe against wrong, teach the rites of the greater hajj and the lesser (the umra), forbid praying in one small garment, sitting wrapped with the private parts exposed, braiding the hair at the nape, and tribal rallying-cries in strife; order full ablution, the five prayers at their times, Friday and its bath, the fifth of booty and the sadaqa rates on crops, camels, cattle and sheep, with the rule for Jews and Christians who convert and for those who keep their faith and owe a full dinar per adult or its value in cloth.
تصور
النصرانية في جزيرة العرب قبل الإسلام
Christianity came to Arabia through the Abyssinian and Roman occupations in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: Christian missions entered Yemen during the first Abyssinian occupation, Najran was converted by the ascetic Faymiyun, Abraha spread it vigorously and built the Yemeni Kaaba to divert the Arabs' pilgrimage, and the Ghassanids, Taghlib, Tayy and some kings of al-Hira adopted it from their proximity to the Romans.الذمة
Dhimma in al-Baladhuri is the written covenant of security granted to treaty peoples of the Book: its formula in the Prophet's letter to Najran runs 'they have God's protection and the protection of His messenger over their persons, religion, lands, wealth, absent and present', and its stipulated terms in the Najran peace include that they not be seduced from their religion or its ranks, nor levied nor tithed, and in the letter's text that no bishop be removed from his bishopric, no monk from his monasticism, no right of theirs or their images — crucifixes and icons — be altered, and no army tread their land, while whoever of them took usury the Prophet's protection was quit of him; the letter of the people of Maqna grants 'God's protection and His messenger's' with security and pardon for every blood; and the dhimma was renewed under the caliphs — Abu Bakr wrote to the people of Najran on the model of the Prophet's letter, and Uthman called them 'a people who have a dhimma' when he remitted two hundred of their hullas.الجزية
Jizya in al-Baladhuri is what the People of the Book pay per head under treaty in return for confirmation in their religion and lands: he reports from al-Zuhri 'the first of the People of the Book to pay the jizya, so far as we know, were the people of Najran, who were Christians; then the people of Ayla, Adhruh and the people of Adhri'at paid jizya in the Tabuk campaign'; its forms with him include a dinar per hālim per year — the treaty of Ayla totalling three hundred dinars, Jurash a dinar per hālim plus hospitality for Muslims, Adhruh a hundred dinars every Rajab, and the Jews of Maqna a quarter of the 'uruk catch, a quarter of the women's spinning and a quarter of the fruits — beyond which the people of Maqna owed 'no jizya and no corvée'; when Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz took office he had the people of Najran counted, found them at a tithe of their former number and said 'I see this treaty is a jizya on their heads, not a treaty on their lands — and the jizya of the dead and of the Muslim lapses', so he set them at two hundred hullas.اليهودية في جزيرة العرب قبل الإسلام
Judaism reached Arabia in at least two stages in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account: Jewish migration to northern Hijaz after Nebuchadnezzar's destruction of Palestine in 587 BCE, then after the Roman occupation of Palestine in 70 CE, when many tribes settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma and built villages and forts; the well-known Jewish tribes at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty; it entered Yemen through Tuban As'ad Abu Karib.
گروہ
بنو النضير
Medina's second Jewish tribe to break with the Prophet — date-palm landholders expelled to Khaybar in 625 after the breakdown of the pact, where their exiles kept the quarrel alive.بنو قينقاع
The first of Medina's three Jewish tribes to break with the Prophet — goldsmiths of the city's market, besieged after Badr and expelled to Syria in 624.بنو قريظة
Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era.نصارى نجران
The people of Najran who became Christian through the ascetic Faymiyun around the time of the first Abyssinian occupation of Yemen; Dhu Nuwas the Himyarite summoned them to Judaism and, when they refused, dug the trench and burned them in October 523 CE, the dead being said to number between twenty and forty thousand; the People of the Trench of Surat al-Buruj, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.القبائل اليهودية في الحجاز
The Jewish tribes that settled Yathrib, Khaybar and Tayma after the two Jewish migrations from Palestine (after Nebuchadnezzar and after the Romans) and built villages, forts and castles; those well known at the coming of Islam were Khaybar, al-Nadir, al-Mustaliq, Qurayza and Qaynuqa, and al-Samhudi counts more than twenty, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.يهود خيبر
The Jewish oasis communities of Khaybar, north of Medina — farmers and smiths behind strong fortresses, including exiles of Banu Nadir — subdued in 628 and left on the land under tribute until Umar's expulsion.
عندما حكم المسلمون أوروبا
Bettany Hughes's Channel 4 documentary on the Islamic civilisation of al-Andalus and its influence on Europe.مدن النور: صعود وسقوط إسبانيا الإسلامية
Gardner/UPF's PBS documentary on seven centuries of Muslim-Christian-Jewish coexistence in al-Andalus and its end.رجال أحرار
2011 عیسوی · 1432 ھ†Ismaël Ferroukhi's film on the Grand Mosque of Paris and rector Si Kaddour Benghabrit sheltering Jews under Nazi occupation — a true story of Muslim rescue.زخرف العالم
2019 عیسوی · 1440 ھ†Michael Schwarz's PBS documentary based on Maria Rosa Menocal's book on eight centuries of convivencia in medieval al-Andalus.
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔