Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim (about 570–632 CE) is the Prophet ﷺ of Islam; the biographers and genealogists agree on his lineage back to Adnan 1. He was born in the valley of Banu Hashim in Mecca on the morning of Monday, 9 Rabi' al-Awwal, in the first year of the event of the Elephant, which al-Mubarakpuri, following Muhammad Sulayman al-Mansurpuri, equates with 20 or 22 April 571 CE 2. His mother Amina died at al-Abwa' when he was six; his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib, then his uncle Abu Talib, took charge of him 3 4. At twenty-five he went to Syria as a trader with the goods of Khadija, then married her 5. His people called him al-Amin 6.
The sira relates that when he had completed forty years the revelation came to him with verses of the Qur'an in the cave of Hira; al-Mubarakpuri judges that this was the night of Monday, 21 Ramadan, which corresponds to 10 August 610 CE 7. He called to Islam in secret for three years, then openly among the people of Mecca 8 9. He then emigrated to Medina (the Hijra), settling there on Friday, 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 1 AH, which corresponds to 27 September 622 CE, and began with the building of the Prophet's Mosque and the brotherhood between the Emigrants and the Helpers 10 11 12. He died in Medina on 12 Rabi' al-Awwal 11 AH, having completed sixty-three years 13. This entry then presents his shama'il, his bodily and moral qualities, as al-Mubarakpuri gives them in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum 14.
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