العاضد لدین اللہ
مصر کے آخری فاطمی خلیفہ تھے۔ ان کے عہد میں پہلے شیرکوہ اور پھر صلاح الدین وزیر بنے، اور ان کی وفات کے قریب مصر میں عباسی خطبہ بحال ہوا۔
عہد · فاطمی خلافت · سلسلے میں نمبر 8 · 1160–1171ء
خلافت پر حکمرانی کی
عہد کے واقعات
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قطع الخطبة العبيدية وإقامة الخطبة العباسية بمصر
عماد کاتب کے مطابق صلاح الدین نے سن 567ھ کا آغاز مصر میں عباسی خطبے سے کیا: پہلی جمعہ فسطاط کے جامع میں، دوسری قاہرہ میں؛ اسی عاشورہ کو عاضد فوت ہوا۔ ابن الاثیر کے مطابق نور الدین نے اس کا حکم دیا تھا، اور عجمی المعروف امیر عالم خطیب سے پہلے منبر چڑھ کر مستضیع کے لیے دعا کی۔ خطبہ یمن، برقہ اور مصر تک پھیلا؛ اور ابن الجوزی نے اس موقع پر کتاب «النصر علی مصر» تصنیف کی ۔
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معركة البابين
Draft card for the Battle of al-Babein in 1167, the drawn battle of Shirkuh and the Crusaders in Upper Egypt; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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وفاة أسد الدين شيركوه وولاية صلاح الدين
Shīrkūh died days into his vizierate — said to have choked on the rich marrow he loved. Al-ʿĀḍid invested his nephew Saladin Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb, the youngest of the emirs, because the Nūrid commanders had written recommending him: they saw his humility, his good conduct, his kindness to his companions.
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حصر الفرنج دمياط سنة ٥٦٤
Safar 564 (Oct–Dec 1169): Frankish Syria, reinforced by fleets answering appeals to Sicily and al-Andalus, besieged Damietta fifty days; Saladin fed it men and money down the Nile while Nur al-Din loosed his raiders deep into the emptied Frankish lands — the besiegers withdrew to find their own country wasted, in Ibn al-Athir's proverb the ostrich that went out seeking horns and came back without ears.
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حريق الفسطاط ووزارة شيركوه ثم صلاح الدين
In 564 the Franks came on Egypt in a great host, took Bilbays and besieged Cairo — its lord burnt al-Fustat for fear of them — then wrote Nur al-Din for aid. Shirkuh came, the Franks withdrew, al-Adid made him vizier — and he died sixty-five days later. His nephew Salah al-Din took his place, titled al-Malik al-Nasir, and served the sultanate as none could.
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ابن طفيل يقدم ابن رشد إلى الخليفة
1153ء اور 1169ء کے درمیان ابن طفیل نے ابن رشد کو موحد خلیفہ ابو یعقوب یوسف سے ملاقات کرائی؛ خلیفہ متاثر ہوا اور اسے ارسطو کی تعبیر کی ذمہ داری دی.
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دخول شيركوه مصر وقتل شاور وولايته الوزارة
In Rabīʿ I Shirkuh entered Egypt with the Nūrid armies and took it. The Franks had stormed Bilbays — killing and enslaving — then besieged Cairo while Shawar burned Fusṭāṭ (the fire ran fifty-four days) and bought their withdrawal for a promised million dinars; al-ʿĀḍid had sent his womenfolk's hair to Nūr al-Dīn begging rescue. When Shirkuh arrived Shawar was killed — as commonly told, Saladin's hand at his uncle's order — and Shirkuh took the vizierate, dealt justly with the people, then died days later, choked, it was said, on a feast of rich food.
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بعثة أسد الدين شيركوه الأولى إلى مصر
In 562 Nur al-Din sent Asad al-Din Shirkuh with two thousand horse to Egypt; camped at Giza, besieging two months, till its lord called the Franks who came through Damietta. Shirkuh withdrew to the Sa'id, beat a larger army killing Frankish thousands, levied the Sa'id's kharaj — while the Franks besieged Alexandria, taken by his nephew Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, four months till Shirkuh came and they withdrew to Syria.
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حصار الإسكندرية (١١٦٧)
Draft card for the Siege of Alexandria in 1167, Amalric's siege during his Egyptian campaign; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار بلبيس
Draft card for Siege of Bilbeis; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار دمياط (١١٦٩)
Draft card for the Siege of Damietta in 1169, King Amalric's joint Crusader–Byzantine attack on Fatimid Egypt; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار المهدية (١١٥٩–١١٦٠)
Draft card for Siege of Mahdia (1159–1160); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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استحداث صلاح الدين القضاء الشافعي بمصر
In 566 Salah al-Din demolished a house of the shihna (the garrison prefect) in Egypt called Dar al-Ma'una, where people were held at will, and built it as a Shafi'i madrasa, removing the injustice practised there. He also built Dar al-Adl as a Shafi'i madrasa, dismissed the Egyptian judges, who were Shi'is, and appointed a Shafi'i chief judge over Egypt, who deputed Shafi'i judges in all the lands on the twentieth of Jumada II. Taqi al-Din Umar, Salah al-Din's nephew, bought the Manazil al-Izz in Egypt and built it as a Shafi'i madrasa.
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وقعة السودان بين القصرين
Dhu al-Qa'da 564 (1169): after Saladin executed Mu'tamin al-Khilafa — the Fatimid palace eunuch caught corresponding with the Franks — and set Baha al-Din Qaraqush over the palace, the Sudanese troops of Cairo, over fifty thousand strong out of solidarity, rose against the Salahiyya regiments and fought them between the two palaces; Saladin had their Mansura quarter burned over their families, they broke, took safe-conduct out of Egypt, and Turanshah destroyed the remnant at Giza — the end of the Fatimid army.