المعتضد باللہ
عباسی خلیفہ؛ طبری ان کی ولی عہدی، خلافت اور بنو شیبان کے خلاف مہم کا ذکر کرتے ہیں۔
عہد · عباسی خلافت · سلسلے میں نمبر 28 · 892–902ء
خلافت پر حکمرانی کی
عہد کے واقعات
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ظهور أبي عبد الله الشيعي بالمغرب
In 288 Abu Abd Allah al-Shi'i appeared in the Maghreb calling the tribe of Kutama to the Imam al-Mahdi — they answered: the first emergence of the Ubaydids who became kings of Egypt.
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ظهور أبي سعيد القرمطي بالبحرين
In 286 Abu Sa'id al-Qarmati rose in Bahrayn — father of Abu Tahir Sulayman who would wrench out the Black Stone — fought the caliph's armies, raided Basra and its neighbourhood, and routed the caliph's forces repeatedly.
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تولية عمرو بن الليث ما وراء نهر بلخ
On 23 Muharram 285 a patent was read before Khurasani pilgrims in al-Mu'tadid's palace appointing the Saffarid Amr ibn al-Layth over Transoxiana beyond the Balkh river, deposing Ahmad ibn Isma'il the Samanid.
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معركة بلخ
Draft card for the Battle of Balkh in 900, the Samanid victory over the Saffarids; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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وقعة مانو (٨٩٦)
Draft card for the Battle of Manu in 896, of the Aghlabid wars in Ifriqiya; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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وقيعة المدينة (٨٩٩)
Draft card for Battle of Medina Elvira (899); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ريجيو (٩٠١)
Draft card for Battle of Reggio (901); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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مکتفی کے حضور الصولی اور الماوردی کی شطرنج
الصولی نے مکتفی کی خدمت میں آغاز کے وقت، خلیفہ کے منظورِ نظر شطرنج باز الماوردی کے ساتھ خلیفہ کے سامنے کھیلا۔ الصولی نے واضح طور پر اسے ہرا دیا، اور خلیفہ کی پسندیدگی بدل گئی، اور اس نے الماوردی سے کہا کہ اس کا گلاب کا پانی پیشاب بن گیا ہے.
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هدم دار الندوة بمكة
In 281 al-Mu'tadid demolished Mecca's Dar al-Nadwa and made it a mosque adjoining the Masjid al-Haram.
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يوم زامرة
Draft card for the Day of Zamora in 901, the Asturians' victory over Córdoba's army near Zamora; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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كري نهر دجيل
In Rajab 283 al-Mu'tadid ordered the Dujayl canal dredged and cleared of a rock blocking its mouth; four thousand dinars were levied from the iqta' holders and estate owners for the work.
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زلزلة دبيل
In Dhu'l-Hijja 280 a dispatch from Dabil (Dvin) reported a lunar eclipse in Shawwal followed by darkness at dawn, a violent black wind, and an earthquake that buried the city — only about a hundred houses survived, thirty thousand dead were pulled out and buried, and five aftershocks followed.
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الفداء بين المسلمين والروم سنة ٢٨٣
In Sha'ban 283 the ransom exchange between Muslims and Byzantines took place: two thousand five hundred and four Muslim captives were ransomed, and both sides released their prisoners.
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غرق الحاج بوحل الأجفر سنة ٢٨١
In the 281 pilgrimage a great rain struck the caravan at al-Ajfar; many perished, a man would sink into the mud and none could pull him out.
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أمر المعتضد برد فضل المواريث على ذوي الأرحام
In Jumada I 283 al-Mu'tadid decreed that the residue of inheritance shares revert to blood kin rather than the treasury, and had the decree read from the pulpits — following Abu Khazim and Ibn Abi'l-Shawarib's opinion citing the agreement of Umar, Ali and Ibn Mas'ud, and setting aside Yusuf ibn Ya'qub's fatwa in favor of Zayd ibn Thabit's view.
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غزو إسماعيل بن أحمد بلاد الترك
In 280 Ismail ibn Ahmad raided the lands of the Turks, killed many, captured their king's city with the king, the Khatun and some ten thousand, and each Muslim horseman's share was a thousand dirhams.
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الثورة الخارجية (٨٦٦)
Draft card for the Kharijite rebellion of 866–896, the Kharijite rising against the Abbasids in the Jazira; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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إعدام الخوارج القادمين من الموصل
In 280 AH Yusuf ibn Abi'l-Saj sent thirty-two Kharijites down the Mosul road; twenty-five were beheaded and gibbeted, the rest imprisoned.
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عاصفة وبرد الكوفة والبصرة سنة ٢٨٥
In Rabi' I 285 postal dispatches reported a yellow-then-black wind over Kufa with stones raining on Ahmadabadh village, and at Basra a yellow, green, then black storm with hailstones of a hundred and fifty dirhams, five hundred palms uprooted on the Nahr al-Hasan, and a Tigris surge that wrecked riverside buildings.
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معتضد شطرنج کھیل رہا تھا جب قاسم بن عبیداللہ داخل ہوا
معتضد شطرنج کھیل رہا تھا جب قاسم بن عبیداللہ اندر آیا۔ خلیفہ نے علی بن بسام کا ایک شعر پڑھا، قاسم کو دیکھ کر شرمندہ ہوا اور اسے ابن بسام کی زبان بند کرنے کو کہا۔ قاسم جلدی سے گیا یہاں تک کہ خلیفہ نے اسے روک دیا.
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غارة المعتضد على بني شيبان
In early Safar 280 al-Mu'tadid rode out of Baghdad against Banu Shayban's fastness, killed and took captives; at the verses of Nubadh his eyes welled and he said 'none survives time's changes' — and when Badr asked what if the Arabs recognized him with so small an escort, he answered 'they would be the ones to drown; the Rassafa alone is twenty thousand'.
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منع المعتضد دكاكين الفلاسفة وقعود القصاص والمنجمين
In his first year al-Mu'tadid barred the booksellers from selling philosophers' books and the like, banned storytellers and astrologers from sitting in the street, and swore the warraqin off books of philosophy and dialectic.
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حملة المعتضد على الموصل وقلعة ماردين
In 281 al-Mu'tadid marched on Mosul against Hamdan ibn Hamdun, who had leaned toward the Kharijite Harun al-Shari; Hamdan took refuge in his fortresses, and the caliph himself climbed Mardin's castle to the gate, ordered it opened, seated himself in it, emptied the castle and had it demolished.
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عزم المعتضد على لعن معاوية على المنابر
In 284, per Ibn Jarir, al-Mu'tadid resolved to curse Mu'awiya on the minbars; the vizier Ubayd Allah's warning of popular unrest failed to move him, and he had a document written full of Ali's virtues and Mu'awiya's censures. Qadi Yusuf asked: 'what of the Alawids risen against you in every quarter — if people hear the house's merits they will incline to them' — and al-Mu'tadid desisted.
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حصار المعتضد لآمد
In Rabi' II 286 al-Mu'tadid camped his army on Amid, set mangonels and besieged it; its lord sought and received aman, came out and was robed; the caliph stayed into Jumada II, then left ordering the wall razed — only part could be demolished; Ibn al-Mu'tazz greeted the conquest in verse.
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فتنة النصراني المشتِم سنة ٢٨٤
In 284 a Christian testified to have insulted the Prophet was imprisoned; the Baghdad crowds massed demanding the hadd, stormed the vizier's door and the caliphal gates, and nearly killed the judge Yusuf and the caliph's messenger in the crush.
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إبطال المعتضد مراسم النيروز
In 282 al-Mu'tadid abolished the Nawruz observances — the fire-lighting and the water-pouring on people — doing away with the Magian custom.
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النهي عن لعب النيروز والمهرجان ثم الإذن فيه
In Jumada I 284 Baghdad was forbidden the bonfires of Nayruz night and the water-throwing of its day, and the same for Mihrajan; when the ban was lifted at Thursday dusk the crowds overdid it so far they drenched the police themselves — 'one of the greatest tumults'.
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زفاف قطر الندى إلى المعتضد
In 282 Qatr al-Nada bint Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun was escorted to al-Mu'tadid — he went in to her in Rabi' I, her trousseau four thousand jewelled girdles and ten jewel chests.
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هزيمة رافع بن هرثمة وقتله
In 283 Amr ibn al-Layth left Nishapur; Rafi' ibn Harthama entered it behind him and had the khutba said for the Alid Muhammad ibn Zayd, then the two met in battle, Rafi' was routed and killed, and his head was displayed in Baghdad — east side till noon, west side till nightfall.
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غزوة راغب مولى الموفق البحرية
In Sha'ban 285 news came that Raghib, a mawla of al-Muwaffaq, had raided by sea and won: many Byzantine ships taken with all aboard, three thousand beheaded, the ships burned and numerous fortresses captured.
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حصر الصقالبة القسطنطينية
In 283 al-Tabari records, in what was reported in a letter from Tarsus, that the Saqaliba (Slavs) raided the Romans until they reached Constantinople, whose gates were shut. The Roman king then enlisted Muslims who were with him, and they drove the Saqaliba back; afterwards, fearing them, he sent the Muslims back and scattered them through the towns.
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تسهيل عقبة حلوان
In 280 AH al-Mu'tadid ordered the Hulwan pass leveled at a cost of twenty thousand dinars — travelers had long suffered its hardship.