مراد الثالث
Murad III (r. 982–1003/1574–1595) — trilingual poet-sultan; saw Poland placed under Ottoman protection, Tiflis and Tabriz taken from the Safavids, and in two Rajab 988/September 1580 letters offered the Sa'dids 300 sultanic galleys and an army to recover al-Andalus — then, facing al-Mansur's readiness and his near-agreement with Spain, ordered Uluj Ali to stand down. Sokollu's assassination in his reign opened the era of palace-made grand viziers. Buried in Hagia Sophia's courtyard.
عہد · عثمانی سلطنت · سلسلے میں نمبر 4 · 1574–1595ء
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عہد کے واقعات
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سقوط الدولة المهدوية بأحمدنكر وقتل الوزير جمال خان 999هـ
On Wednesday 14 Rajab 999 the Mahdawi regime at Ahmadnagar in the Deccan fell; the vizier Jamal Khan was killed, his head brought to Ahmadnagar, paraded and hung for days, and Burhan Shah took the sultanate.
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وقعة أدي قارو (١٥٧٨)
Draft card for Battle of Addi Qarro (1578); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ألوار
Draft card for the Battle of Alvar in 1585, the Ottoman victory over the Safavids in Ferhad Pasha's Caucasus campaign; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة برست (١٥٩٢)
Draft card for the Battle of Brest in 1592, the Ottoman victory over the Habsburgs in Croatia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة كالوغاريني
Draft card for the Battle of Călugăreni in 1595, Michael the Brave's ambush of Sinan Pasha's army in the Long War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة تشوتسورا (١٥٩٥)
Draft card for the Battle of Cecora in 1595, the Ottoman victory over the Poles in Moldavia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة رأس تشوفاش
Draft card for the Battle of Chuvash Cape in 1582, Yermak's victory that toppled the Khanate of Sibir; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة شلدير
Draft card for the Battle of Çıldır in 1578, the Ottoman victory over the Safavids that opened Georgia to the empire; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة ديوير (١٥٨٢)
Draft card for the Battle of Dewair in 1582, of Akbar's war with Mewar; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة كنجة
Draft card for Battle of Ganja; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة جورجو (١٥٩٥)
Draft card for the Battle of Giurgiu in 1595, Michael the Brave's victory over the Ottoman army in Wallachia; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة هدية (١٥٧٦)
Draft card for Battle of Hadiya (1576); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة هانيك (١٥٨٥)
Draft card for Battle of Hannik (1585); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة خاتيسوبيلي (١٥٨٤)
Draft card for Battle of Khatisopeli (1584); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة كوتا باتو (١٥٧٨)
Draft card for Battle of Kota Batu (1578); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة قويون گئچيدي
Draft card for the Battle of Koyun Gecidi in 1578 in the Ottoman–Safavid war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة مايان (١٥٨٥)
Draft card for Battle of Mayan (1585); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة مومباسا (١٥٨٩)
Draft card for Battle of Mombasa (1589); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة موخراني (١٥٨٢)
Draft card for Battle of Mukhrani (1582); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة رومهاني
Draft card for Battle of Romhany; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة نهر الرباس (١٥٧٩)
Draft card for Battle of Rubas River (1579); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة شنب غازان (١٥٨٥)
Draft card for Battle of Shanb Ghazan (1585); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سيساك
Draft card for the Battle of Sisak in 1593, the great Ottoman defeat by the Croatian forces that opened the Long War; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سلونج (١٥٨٤)
Draft card for the Battle of Slunj in 1584, the Croatian-Ottoman border clash; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة سيكسو
Draft card for the Battle of Szikszó in 1588, the Hungarian clash with Ottoman forces; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة نهر إرتش (١٥٨٢)
Draft card for Battle of the Irtysh (1582); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة تونديبي
Draft card for the Battle of Tondibi in 1591, the Moroccan musketeers' victory that toppled the Songhai empire; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة المشاعل
Draft card for the Battle of Torches in 1583, the Ottomans' night victory over the Safavids in the Caucasus war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة توكاروي
Draft card for the Battle of Tukaroi in 1575, Akbar's victory over the Sultan of Bengal; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة وادي المخازن (٩٨٦هـ/١٥٧٨م)
The Battle of the Three Kings at al-Qasr al-Kabir, Monday 30 Jumada II 986/4 August 1578. Morocco's sultan Abd al-Malik al-Mu'tasim — Ottoman-backed — met King Sebastian of Portugal, who had massed tens of thousands of Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and German troops to restore his deposed ally Muhammad al-Mutawakkil. Abd al-Malik cut the enemy from his fleet and blew the river's only bridge; he died of illness minutes into the battle, his chamberlain Ridwan and brother Ahmad al-Mansur concealing it until victory was complete in four hours and a third. All three kings perished — Sebastian slain, al-Mutawakkil drowned, Abd al-Malik on the field — and Ahmad al-Mansur was acclaimed on the spot; the Sa'di star rose until Europe's embassies 'kept morning and evening at her palace gates'.
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سقوط فاس (١٥٧٦)
Draft card for the capture of Fez in 1576, Abd al-Malik's Ottoman-backed entry into the Moroccan capital; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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أخذ مسقط (١٥٨١)
Draft card for the Capture of Muscat in 1581, Mir Ali Beg's raid on the Portuguese garrison; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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أخذ تبريز (١٥٨٥)
Draft card for the Capture of Tabriz in 1585, Uthman Pasha's seizure of the Safavid city; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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فتح تفليس (١٥٧٨)
Draft card for Capture of Tbilisi (1578); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحرب القشتالية
Draft card for the Castille War of 1578, the Spanish-Bruneian conflict over Borneo and the Philippines; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الثورات الجلالية
Draft card for the Celali Revolts of the late sixteenth century, Anatolia's great risings against the Ottoman state; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الكوكب ذو الذنب الكبير 985هـ
In 985 a comet 'great-tailed, very long, bright-rayed' rose and kept appearing about two months — the Great Comet of 1577; al-Suyuti's Husn al-Muhadara transmits the lore of the tailed star's appearances.
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انتهاء نظام البايلربك في الجزائر (٩٩٥هـ/١٥٨٧م)
With Uluj Ali's death in 995/1587 the beylerbey system ended in Algiers — the arrangement that had made her governors near-sovereigns — replaced by the pasha system as in Tunis and Tripoli: a salaried pasha sent from Istanbul for three years with no local base. Al-Salabi explains the change as the sultan's fear that strong beylerbeys, with the navy weakened, would drift toward independence. So after Lepanto (978/1571) Ottoman North Africa split from a single beylerbey at Algiers into three ordinary wilayas: Tripoli, Tunis and Algiers.
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حرب المئة عام الكرواتية العثمانية
Draft card for the Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War, the long chain of border wars between Croatia and the Ottomans; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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عرض مراد الثالث التحالف على السعديين لاسترداد الأندلس
Rajab 988/September 1580 — as Spain swallowed Portugal, Murad III wrote the Sa'dids proposing an alliance sworn at the Ka'ba: three hundred imperial galleys and an Ottoman army to 'open the land of al-Andalus'.
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غارات أسطول الجزائر على إسبانيا والكناري (٩٩٠هـ/١٥٨٢م)
In 990/1582 the Ottoman wali of Algiers readied his fleet to fight Spain on its own soil: the mujahidun landed at Barcelona and dealt destruction, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and struck the Canary Islands, destroying the military posts and taking their plunder — the fleet's aim, in al-Salabi's telling, went beyond merely punishing the Spaniards.
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الحرب الطويلة (١٥٩٣–١٦٠٦)
Draft card for the Long War between the Ottomans and the Habsburgs on the Hungarian frontier from 1593 to 1606; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الغارات العثمانية على شرق أفريقيا
Draft card for the Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts of 1586–1589, Mir Ali Beg's raids on the East African coast; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحرب العثمانية الصفوية (١٥٧٨–١٥٩٠)
Draft card for the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–1590, Murad III's wars for the Caucasus and Azerbaijan ended by the Peace of Istanbul; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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الحرب البولندية العثمانية (١٥٩٣–١٥٩٥)
Draft card for Polish–Ottoman War (1593–1595); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معمار سنان کی ادرنہ میں سلیمیہ مسجد کی تعمیر
معمار سنان نے 1569-75ء میں سلیم ثانی کے لیے ادرنہ میں سلیمیہ مسجد بنائی جو اتمام سے ایک سال پہلے وفات پا گیا؛ سنان نے اسے اپنے فن کی عروج سمجھا یہاں تک کہ استنبول کی سلیمانیہ سے بھی افزیل ۔ اس کا عظیم گنبد آیا صوفیا سے چھ ذرع بلند ہے ۔
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الحروب الصربية العثمانية
Draft card for the Serbian–Ottoman wars of 1352–1913, the centuries of Serb–Ottoman conflict; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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ثورة شاه أوغلو (١٥٧٨)
Draft card for Shahoglu revolt (1578); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار بيهاتش
Draft card for the Siege of Bihać in 1592, Hasan Pasha's Ottoman capture of the Croatian fortress; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار دامان (١٥٨١)
Draft card for the Siege of Daman in 1581, of the Mughal–Portuguese struggle; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار أسترغون (١٥٩٥)
Draft card for the Siege of Esztergom in 1595, the Ottoman garrison's stand against the Habsburgs; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار جيور
Draft card for Siege of Gyor (1594); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار جوهر (١٥٨٧)
Draft card for the Siege of Johor in 1587, the Portuguese counter-attack on the sultanate after Malacca; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار ملقا (١٥٧٥)
Draft card for Siege of Malacca (1575); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار شماخي (١٥٧٨)
Draft card for the Siege of Shamakhi in 1578, the Ottoman capture of the city from the Safavids in the Caucasus war; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار سيكشفهيرفار
Draft card for Siege of Szekesfehervar (1593); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار تاتا
Draft card for Siege of Tata Castle; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار تفليس (١٥٧٩)
Draft card for Siege of Tbilisi (1579); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار تبليسي
Draft card for Siege of Tbilisi (1582); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار فاربالوتا (١٥٩٣)
Draft card for Siege of Varpalota (1593); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار فسزبريم
Draft card for Siege of Veszprem; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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مسعى قلج علي لضم المغرب (٩٨٩هـ/١٥٨١م)
With the Ottoman state settled in Tunis, kapudan Uluj Ali set his sights on annexing Morocco; ordered to march on it, he reached Algiers in Jumada II 989/June 1581 while Ahmad al-Mansur stood camped at the Tensift with his kingdom's passes sealed and shores fortified, an embassy bound for Istanbul and a near-agreement with Spain struck in exchange for Larache. Facing the fait accompli the sultan ordered Uluj Ali and his deputy Jafar Pasha to abandon the Morocco operation and head east, where the Hejaz had grown troubled.