مقتدی باللہ
عباسی خلیفہ، جنہوں نے ۴۶۷ھ سے ۴۸۷ھ تک حکومت کی؛ قائم کے پوتے تھے اور ابو اسحاق شیرازی کی موجودگی میں ان کی بیعت ہوئی۔
عہد · عباسی خلافت · سلسلے میں نمبر 2 · 1075–1094ء
خلافت پر حکمرانی کی
عہد کے واقعات
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الغزالي يتولى التدريس في النظامية ببغداد
In 1091 the vizier Nizam al-Mulk appointed al-Ghazali chief professor of the Nizamiyya college in Baghdad, where he lectured to more than 300 students and examined the philosophy of al-Farabi and Avicenna (Britannica).
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أخذ سليمان بن قتلمش أنطاكية من الروم
In 477 Sulayman ibn Qutlumush, the Seljuk lord of Qonya and Aqsaray, marched on Syria and took Antioch — in Roman hands since 358 — sending the glad tidings to sultan Malikshah. Al-Dhahabi: Al Saljuq are the kings of the lands of Rum, their line lasting to the days of al-Malik al-Zahir Baybars.
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هزيمة أتسز أمام مصر
Atsiz's Egypt gambit collapsed in Rajab 1076 — beaten by an Arab force before Badr al-Jamali's great army even engaged — and the defeat spiralled into the feuds that killed him by 1078.
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الحريق العظيم ببغداد سنة 485
In Jumada II 485 a great fire struck Baghdad in which a great number perished — among them the qari' Abu Abd Allah al-Banyasi Malik b. Ahmad b. Ali b. al-Farra', aged eighty-seven.
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فتنة السنة والرافضة ببغداد سنة 483
In 483 an unprecedented fitna broke out in Baghdad between the Sunna and the Rafida with many killed and the governor helpless; the Sunna prevailed with the caliph's backers until the Shi'a humbled, kept taqiyya, and wrote on the Karkh mosques 'the best of men after the Messenger of God is Abu Bakr'.
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معركة عين سيلم
Draft card for the Battle of Ayn Saylam in 1086, the Seljuk victory over the Fatimids near Antioch; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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معركة كرزحيل
Draft card for Battle of Kurzahil (1085); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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سقوط دمشق بيد أتسز
Damascus fell to Alp Arslan's commander Atsiz in 1075 and the Abbasid khutba was proclaimed — the Seljuk realm reaching its greatest extent from Afghanistan to Asia Minor.
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عزم ملكشاه على إخراج الخليفة من بغداد فمات
In 485 Malikshah returned to Baghdad bent on harm, sending the caliph word: 'you must leave me Baghdad and go where you will'. 'Grant me a month' — 'not an hour'. The caliph asked the sultan's vizier for ten days — whereupon the sultan fell ill and died, counted a karama for the caliph; it is said he had sat fasting on ashes cursing Malikshah till answered. The sultan's wife Turkan hid the death, had the amirs swear to her five-year-old Mahmud — titled Nasir al-Dunya wa'l-Din — then his brother Barkyaruq rose and was invested as Rukn al-Din.
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أخذ مسلم بن قريش العقيلي حلب
In 472 AH Muslim ibn Quraysh al-Uqayli took Aleppo. He wrote to Sultan Malikshah a document in which he bore witness against himself to paying for it three hundred thousand dinars a year, delivered to the sultan's treasury; the sultan agreed to this.
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أخذ مسلم بن قريش حران وقتل قاضيها
In 476 Harran's people and their Hanbali qadi Ibn Julba resolved to hand the city to Janaq the Turkman amir — a Sunni — defying Muslim b. Quraysh, lord of Mosul, whom they counted a Rafidi and who was busy besieging Damascus with the Egyptians against Taj al-Dawla Tutush; Muslim raced to Harran, flung mangonels at it, took it, and slaughtered the qadi and his two sons.
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فتنة تكفير الحنابلة ونهب سوق المدرسة النظامية
In 470 Nizam al-Mulk's letter reached Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi rebuking the anti-Hanbali agitation in his own Nizamiyya: 'Sultan's policy and the rule of justice oblige us to lean to no madhhab over another; we did not build this school but to shelter the people of learning — not to split the community — and the madhhab that dominates Baghdad and its quarters is that of the imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.' The Hanbalis circulated it and were strengthened. Then on Tuesday 2 Shawwal a madrasa student called al-Iskandarani went to Suq al-Thulatha pronouncing the Hanbalis unbelievers; pelted with a brick he fled back to the madrasa market, whose men sallied out and looted the other market — until the mob reversed it, burst into the madrasa market, plundered their quarter and killed a sick man in his room. The Daylamite guards shot dead some fifteen, and the bodies were carried to the diwan for the qadis and witnesses to attest.
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وفاة القائم بأمر الله وخلافة المقتدي
صفر 467ھ میں خلیفہ قائم بامر اللہ شدید بیمار ہوئے؛ وفات کے وقت انہوں نے اپنے پوتے عبداللہ بن ذخیرہ الدین کو ولی عہد لکھا۔ جمعہ 13 شعبان 467ھ کو مقتدی کی دار الشجرہ میں بیعت ہوئی اور سب سے پہلے شریف ابو جعفر نے بیعت کی؛ جنازہ چار تکبیرات کے ساتھ خلیفہ کے خلوت گاہ میں دفن ہوا۔ قائم کی خلافت پنتالیس برس اور کچھ مہینے رہی؛ اور جب ملکہ شاہ بعد میں مقتدی سے بغداد چھوڑنے کا مطالبہ کرنے لگا تو خلیفہ نے دس دن کی مہلت مانگی اور دسویں دن سلطان ہلاک ہو گیا ۔
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فتنة القشيري بين الحنابلة والأشعرية ببغداد
In Shawwal 469 fighting broke out in Baghdad between the Hanbalis and the Ash'aris. The cause was that Abu Nasr ibn al-Qushayri returned to Baghdad and sat in the Nizamiyya denouncing the Hanbalis and attributing anthropomorphism (tajsim) to them. Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi inclined to support him and wrote to al-Nizam complaining of the Hanbalis and asking for his help. The mob agreed to attack the Sharif Abu Ja'far in his mosque; he had arranged a group to repel them, who pelted the attackers with bricks, and the fitna broke out. A tailor from the Tuesday market was killed, and a cry went up at the Nawbi gate: 'Al-Mustansir bi-llah, O Mansur!' Abu Ishaq was angry and went off to Bab al-Taq, beginning to prepare for departure, but the caliph sent to bring him back. Then the vizier Fakhr al-Dawla ibn Jahir summoned Sharif Abu Ja'far for reconciliation; he attended with Abu Ishaq, Abu Sa'd al-Sufi and Abu Nasr ibn al-Qushayri. Abu Ishaq kissed the Sharif's head and said: 'It is as you say, but when you were poor your inner feelings were not visible to us; when the agents and the sultan and Khwaja Buzurg came to you, you revealed what had been hidden.' To Abu Sa'd al-Sufi he said: 'Sheikh, as for the jurists, when they speak on matters of principle they have standing; but you are a man of amusement, music and sudden fancies.' When al-Qushayri rose he said: 'If anyone could be thanked for his innovation it would be this young man, for he confronted us with what was in him and did not flatter us as those two did.' Then he said: 'What reconciliation is there between us? Reconciliation is between litigants over an office, worldly matters, the division of an inheritance or a dispute over property. But these people claim we are unbelievers, and we claim that whoever does not hold our belief is an unbeliever; so what reconciliation is there between us?' The Sharif declared that his two grandfathers, the caliphs al-Qa'im and al-Qadir, had made their belief public and had it read in their registers, and that the Khurasanis and the pilgrims carried it to the ends of the earth: 'and we follow their belief.' It is said that the Sharif fell ill afterwards and his legs swelled; it is also said that one of the jurist-enemies slipped poison into his shoe, God knows best.
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شیرازی کی تصنیف «المھذب»، 455-469ھ/1063-1077ء
455ھ/1063ء سے 469ھ/1077ء کے درمیان شیرازی نے اپنا بڑا فقہی ذخیرہ «المھذب فی فقہ الامام الشافعی» لکھا جو — «التنبیہ» کے ساتھ — شافعی مذہب کی پانچ مرجع کتب میں شمار ہوتا ہے اور جس پر وسیع شرحی ادبیات لکھی گئیں جن میں نووی کی اٹھارہ جلدوں پر مشتمل «المجموع شرح المھذب» بھی ہے؛ اس میں درخشاں مناظر سے ایک حقیقی مجتہد کی صورت ابھری ۔
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حصار حلب
Draft card for Siege of Aleppo; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار أنطاكية (١٠٨٤–١٠٨٥)
Draft card for Siege of Antioch (1084–85); its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار دمشق
Draft card for Siege of Damascus; its sources are not yet checked on the page.
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حصار ميافارقين (١٠٨٥)
Draft card for Siege of Mayyafariqin (1085); its sources are not yet checked on the page.