عيون الطف

عيون الطف

Springs on the Sawad's fringe — Ayn al-Sayd, al-Qutqutana, al-Ruhayma, Ayn Jamal and their sisters; in al-Baladhuri they belonged to the holders of the frontier posts beyond the Sawad, being the springs of Sabur's trench dug between him and the Arabs manning its posts — Sabur having granted them the land, worked without kharaj. At Dhu Qar the Arabs took some springs; the Persians kept some, then plugged most on fleeing the Muslim advance on al-Hira; what the Arabs kept they cultivated tithe-free, and the spring-lands abandoned after al-Qadisiyya and al-Mada'in were given to the Muslims who granted them likewise as ushri. Uyun al-Taff's revenues ran with Medina's crown lands and Najd villages to Medina's officials until Ishaq ibn Ibrahim ibn Mus'ab took the Sawad for al-Mutawakkil, annexed them, farmed their ushr and made them Sawadi — as they remain; he also dug 'Islamic springs' of the same dispensation.