Prophets
Family: Belief and worship · 17 entries
Entries on this theme
Event
The Raising of the Kaaba’s Foundations
c. 1900 BCEOn the third recorded journey, Ibrahim finds Ismail sharpening arrows beneath a tree by Zamzam; together the aged father and the grown son raise the foundations of the House, and Ibrahim calls mankind to the pilgrimage as commanded.The Command to Sacrifice Ismail
c. 1900 BCEOn one of Ibrahim’s visits to Mecca he is shown in a dream that he must sacrifice his son; father and son submit, and the son is ransomed with a great sacrifice — the trial the Quran recalls in Surat al-Saffat, and which the Raheeq narrative places before Isaac’s birth.The three years of the secret call
c. 610 CEThe first stage of the call to Islam — individual and secret for three years — in which the first band believed: Khadija, Ali, Zayd and Abu Bakr on the first day, then those whom Abu Bakr called, then a company Ibn Hisham numbers at over forty from every clan of Quraysh; during it prayer was first prescribed.The pause of revelation (Fatra)
c. 610 CEThe pause in revelation after the first descent at Hira — days rather than years in the reading of Ibn Sa'd via Ibn Abbas that the book prefers — ending when Jibril appeared seated on a throne between heaven and earth and surat al-Muddaththir came down with the command to rise and warn.The first revelation
10 August 610 CE · 21 Ramadan 12 BHThe descent of Jibril upon the Prophet in the cave of Hira with the opening verses of surat al-Alaq — on the night of Monday 21 Ramadan in the book's preferred reckoning, corresponding to 10 August 610 CE, when the Prophet was forty lunar years, six months and twelve days old.The Isra and Mi'raj
c. 621 CEThe miraculous nocturnal journey of Prophet Muhammad from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem, and his ascent through the seven heavens, where the five daily prayers were ordained.The Incident of the Poisoned Sheep at Khaybar
c. June 628 CE · Safar 7 AHFollowing the conquest of Khaybar, Zaynab bint al-Harith (wife of Sallam ibn Mishkam) sent the Prophet a roasted sheep heavily laced with poison; upon chewing a morsel, the Prophet spat it out stating that the bone informed him it was poisoned, while Bishr ibn al-Bara' swallowed a bite and died.The delegation of Banu Hanifa
c. 631 CE · 9 AHSeventeen men of Banu Hanifa of al-Yamama, among them Musaylima, lodged with an Ansari household in Medina in 9 AH and declared Islam; the sources differ on Musaylima's own conduct, and on his return home he claimed a share in prophethood.The death of the Prophet
8 June 632 CE · 12 Rabi' I 11 AHThe Prophet Muhammad died in Medina after a short illness, and was buried in the house of Aisha.
Person
Muhammad
c. 570 CEThe Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina.al-Aswad al-Ansi
c. 580 CEAbhala ibn Ka'b, called al-Aswad 'the veiled one' — a soothsayer of Yemen who claimed prophecy, seized San'a and much of Yemen for a few weeks, and was cut down by the Persian colony that had first served him.Musaylima
c. 580 CEChief and religious claimant of Banu Hanifa in Yamama who preached a parallel prophecy to Muhammad's and exchanged letters with him — killed at Yamama in the bloodiest battle of the Ridda wars.Sajah bint al-Harith
c. 590 CEA woman of Tamim by her father and Taghib by her mother who claimed prophecy in rhymed speech, marched an army toward Medina, then turned to Yamama and joined Musaylima — before returning to Islam and living into the caliphate.Ibrahim (Abraham)
The patriarch of the Adnani Arabs in the sira’s telling: emigrant from Ur of the Chaldeans to Harran and then Palestine, who settled Hajar and the infant Ismail in the barren valley of Mecca, visited them on recorded journeys, submitted to the command of the sacrifice, and raised the foundations of the Kaaba with his son before calling mankind to the hajj.Ismail (Ishmael)
Son of Ibrahim and Hajar, settled as an infant with his mother at Mecca where Zamzam sprang; he married into Jurhum, fathered twelve sons whose tribes spread from Mecca, and built the Kaaba with his father; the Adnani Arabs trace their lineages to him.
Work
The Sira of Ibn Ishaq in Ibn Hisham's recension
The earliest surviving continuous biography of the Prophet; composed by Muhammad ibn Ishaq (d. 151 AH) and abridged/recast by Abd al-Malik ibn Hisham (d. 213 or 218 AH) — the text known as Ibn Hisham's Sira.Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk (The History of Prophets and Kings)
A universal chronicle arranged by Hijri year, from the creation to 302 AH, by Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH). It opens with the prophets and earlier peoples and Persian kings, then follows the caliphate, the conquests and the civil strife year by year.
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