الأربعون 14 — لا يحل دم امرئ مسلم إلا بإحدى ثلاث

الأربعون 14 — لا يحل دم امرئ مسلم إلا بإحدى ثلاث

Abdullah ibn Masud's hadith, the fourteenth of al-Nawawi's Forty and of Ibn Rajab's commentary; transmitted by al-Bukhari (6878) and Muslim (1676) through al-A'mash from Abdullah ibn Murra from Masruq from Ibn Masud, with a Muslim variant 'who abandons Islam' for 'who abandons his religion'; the same meaning comes from A'isha in Muslim and from Uthman in al-Tirmidhi (2158, graded hasan), al-Nasa'i and Ibn Majah in the wording 'disbelieves after his Islam, commits adultery after being chaste, or kills a soul without due cause', one of al-Nasa'i's versions spelling out the ruling in each case — stoning, retaliation and execution — and parallel reports exist from Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurayra (may God be pleased with him) and Anas; Ibn Rajab records that these three traits are the claim of Islam by which the blood of one who testifies that there is no god but God and that Muhammad is His messenger may lawfully be shed, that killing for each is agreed among Muslims, that Muslims agree the previously-married adulterer's hadd is stoning until death — the Prophet having stoned Ma'iz and the Ghamidiyya woman — that stoning stood in what was abrogated from the Quran's wording, and that Ibn Abbas derived it from al-Ma'ida's 'you used to hide of the scripture', saying stoning was among what they hid (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam pp. 291–313).