خاندان: · 198 اندراجات
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أبو سفيان بن حرب
تقریباً 560 عیسویLeader of Mecca through the years of open war against the Muslims — commander at Uhud and the Trench — who submitted at the conquest of Mecca and ended his life a Muslim; father of the first Umayyad caliph.عتبة بن ربيعة
تقریباً 565 عیسویAn elder of Banu Abd Shams who argued for a negotiated settlement with Muhammad — and is remembered dying at Badr, father of Hind bint Utba.حمزة بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 568 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who became one of the fiercest early defenders of Islam; killed at Uhud and remembered in tradition as the Master of the Martyrs.أبو جهل
تقریباً 570 عیسویThe most implacable leader of Meccan opposition to Muhammad: organizer of the boycott of Banu Hashim, persecutor of the weak converts, and the Quraysh commander killed at Badr.أمية بن خلف
تقریباً 570 عیسویA headman of the clan of Jumah remembered above all as the owner who tortured Bilal — one of the named persecutors of the weak converts, killed at Badr.عقبة بن أبي معيط
تقریباً 570 عیسویA Qurashi of Banu Abd Shams among the documented harassers of the Prophet in Mecca; captured at Badr, he was one of the two captives executed on the march home — a fact the sources record soberly. وفي صحيح البخاري أن ابن عمرو شاهده وقد جاء إلى النبي وهو يصلي فوضع رداءه في عنقه فخنقه خنقاً شديداً حتى جاء أبو بكر فدفعه عنه «أتقتلون رجلاً أن يقول ربي الله».النضر بن الحارث
تقریباً 575 عیسویA Qurashi who had traveled to al-Hira and returned with Persian tales of kings and heroes, offering them against the Prophet's recitation — captured at Badr and executed on the march home.هند بنت عتبة
تقریباً 575 عیسویDaughter of the Meccan elder Utba ibn Rabi'a and wife of Abu Sufyan: the sira's most vivid figure of Meccan defiance at Uhud, who converted with the conquest of Mecca; mother of the caliph Mu'awiya.مالك بن عوف النصري
تقریباً 580 عیسویThe young commander of Hawazin who fielded the tribal confederation against the Muslims at Hunayn — and within weeks accepted Islam, reconciled with the Prophet at al-Ji'rana, and led his people back to their faith and their property.مسيلمة
تقریباً 580 عیسویChief and religious claimant of Banu Hanifa in Yamama who preached a parallel prophecy to Muhammad's and exchanged letters with him — killed at Yamama in the bloodiest battle of the Ridda wars.زيد بن حارثة
تقریباً 580 (تقریباً) عیسویA freedman of the Prophet, once adopted by him, who became one of the earliest Muslims and commanded the expedition to Mu'ta, where he was killed; the only Companion named in the Qur'an.عكرمة بن أبي جهل
تقریباً 585 عیسویSon of Abu Jahl: a leader of the Meccan opposition who was pardoned at the conquest of Mecca, became a Muslim, and died fighting under the banner of Islam on the Syrian front.خالد بن الوليد
تقریباً 585 عیسویThe great commander on both sides of the early wars: the cavalry leader who turned the day at Uhud for the Meccans, then converted in 629 and led the Muslim armies at Mu'ta, in the Ridda wars and at the Yarmuk.مصعب بن عمير
تقریباً 585 عیسویA refined young Qurayshi of wealth who embraced Islam early and was sent to Medina before the Hijra as the community's first emissary and teacher; killed bearing the standard at Uhud.جعفر بن أبي طالب
تقریباً 590 عیسویA brother of Ali who led the Muslim emigration to Abyssinia and answered the Negus for his people; killed at Mu'ta carrying the army's standard after Zayd ibn Haritha.نسيبة بنت كعب
تقریباً 590 عیسویAn Ansari woman of Medina who pledged at Aqaba and fought at Uhud shielding the Prophet with sword and shield — the tradition's most famous woman warrior of the first generation.طليحة بن خويلد
تقریباً 590 عیسویWar-chief of Banu Asad who claimed prophecy at the Prophet's death, was broken by Khalid at Buzakha, fled to Syria — then returned, became a Muslim, and fought in the conquests he had once stood against.الزبير بن العوام
تقریباً 594 عیسویOne of the earliest converts and a cousin of the Prophet through his mother Safiyya; at Badr he was one of the army's two horsemen, commanded the right wing, and joined the patrol that captured Quraysh's water-bearers.سعد بن أبي وقاص
تقریباً 595 عیسویOne of the earliest converts, an archer at Badr, and the commander who broke the Sasanian army at al-Qadisiyya about 636; founder of the garrison city of Kufa.وحشي بن حرب
تقریباً 600 عیسویAn Abyssinian slave famous for his javelin: promised his freedom for killing Hamza at Uhud, he later became a Muslim and, in the tradition's account, also killed the false prophet Musaylima at Yamama.عبيدة بن الحارث
A Hashimi Muhajir, the eldest of the three Muslim duelists at Badr; he exchanged two blows with Utba ibn Rabi'a that left both mortally wounded, and died at al-Safra days later on the march home.معوذ بن عفراء
A young Khazraji — known by his mother's name Afra — who with Mu'adh ibn Amr ibn al-Jamuh struck Abu Jahl at Badr and left him dying; Mu'awwidh fought on until he was killed in the same battle.عمير بن الحمام
A Khazraji Companion who, hearing the Prophet's call to a paradise wide as the heavens at Badr, threw away the dates he was eating — reckoning life until they were finished too long — and fought until he was killed.سعد بن معاذ
Chief of the Aws and standard-bearer of the Ansar at Badr, where he pledged the Ansar's full support in the war council and proposed building the command shelter; later gave the ruling on Banu Qurayza and died of a wound received then.عبد الله بن رواحة
Companion from the Ansar and poet of early Islam; appointed third commander of the Mu'tah expedition. After both of his comrades Zayd and Ja'far were killed he hesitated briefly then charged and was martyred. The Prophet announced his death while still in Medina, reporting in a vision that his throne was slightly tilted beside his companions' because of his hesitation before pressing on.عبد الله بن أبي أمية
A Qurashi nobleman of Banu Makhzum, brother of Umm Salama and maternal cousin of the Prophet; after opposing the early call, he accepted Islam on the road to the conquest of Mecca and was martyred by an arrow during the siege of Ta'if.أبو عامر الأشعري
A senior Ash'ari Companion and paternal uncle of Abu Musa al-Ash'ari; appointed by the Prophet to lead the pursuit column against the routed Hawazin at Awtas, he slew nine enemy champions before falling martyred to an arrow, handing the banner to Abu Musa.الحويرث بن نقيد
A Qurashi in Mecca who persistently harassed the Prophet; when al-Abbas was escorting the Prophet's daughters Fatima and Umm Kulthum to Medina, al-Huwayrith prodded their camel so they fell; he was ordered killed on the Conquest and slain by Ali ibn Abi Talib.أيمن بن عبيد
The son of Barakah (Umm Ayman, the Prophet's nursemaid) and half-brother of Usama ibn Zayd; an Ethiopian-Arab Muslim who remained steadfast around the Prophet when the lines broke at Hunayn and fell fighting as a martyr.دريد بن الصمة
A legendary pre-Islamic knight, tribal champion and poet of Banu Jusham (Hawazin); an old, blind veteran carried in a litter at Hunayn, he vehemently criticized Malik ibn Awf's strategy of bringing women and herds into battle, and was slain at Awtas.سعيد بن سعيد بن العاص
An early Muslim of Banu Umayya, brother of Khalid ibn Sa'id and Amr ibn Sa'id; he migrated to Abyssinia and fell as a martyr to an arrow at the siege of Ta'if.سراقة بن الحارث الأنصاري
An Ansari Companion from Banu al-Najjar of the Khazraj; he witnessed Badr and other early battles and fell martyred fighting at the Battle of Hunayn.ثابت بن الجذع الأنصاري
An Ansari veteran of the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba from Banu Salama (Khazraj); he fought at Badr, Uhud, and the Trench, and attained martyrdom during the siege of Ta'if.يزيد بن زمعة
A Qurashi Companion from Banu al-Muttalib (nephew of Sawda bint Zam'a); at the Battle of Hunayn, his spirited horse named al-Janah bolted and threw him, leading to his martyrdom.عامر بن الطفيل
Chief and horseman of Banu Amir ibn Sa'sa'a, remembered as the betrayer of the Bi'r Ma'una envoys; within the 9 AH delegation he plotted with Arbad ibn Qays to strike the Prophet and died shortly after of a throat swelling.أربد بن قيس
A leader of Banu Amir, maternal half-brother of the poet Labid, who circled behind the Prophet and half-drew his sword during the 9 AH delegation; the tradition says his hand was stayed, and lightning struck him dead on the way home.معاذ بن عمرو بن الجموح
A young Khazraji who, with Mu'awwidh ibn Afra, struck down Abu Jahl at Badr; the Prophet judged that both had killed him and awarded Mu'adh the spoils; his hand was severed by Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl in the same fight.المقداد بن عمرو
A Bahrani confederate adopted into Quraysh and one of the first Muslims; at Badr he was one of the army's two horsemen, commanded the left wing, and made the council's famous pledge to fight to Bark al-Ghimad.العباس بن مرداس السلمي
A knight, poet and chieftain of Banu Sulaym; he embraced Islam prior to the conquest of Mecca after a miraculous encounter with his idol Dimar, led the Sulaym contingent at the Conquest and Hunayn, and was renowned for his stirring war poetry.عبد الله بن أبي حدرد الأسلمي
A Companion of Banu Aslam dispatched by the Prophet as an undercover scout to Hawazin's camp at Awtas before Hunayn; he stayed among them, overheard Malik ibn Awf's orders, and brought vital intelligence back to Medina's army.عبد الله بن عمرو بن حرام
A prominent chief of Banu Salima of the Khazraj, father of Jabir ibn Abdullah; he embraced Islam and took the Second Pledge of Aqaba where he was appointed a naqib; he fought at Badr and was the first Muslim martyred at the battle of Uhud, where the Prophet spoke of God speaking to him without a veil.عبد الله بن عتيك
A heroic Companion from Banu Salima of the Khazraj fluent in Jewish dialect; chosen by the Prophet to lead the five-man covert mission to Khaybar to assassinate Sallam ibn Abi al-Huqayq (Abu Rafi'); though his leg was fractured on withdrawal, the Prophet wiped it and it healed instantly.عبد الله بن جحش
One of the earliest Muslims and an ally of Banu Abd Shams; he emigrated to Abyssinia and fought at Badr; the Prophet sent him to Nakhla, and reports say he was the first commander in Islam and the first to be given a banner; he was killed at Uhud and buried in one grave with Hamza, and al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar says he was nicknamed 'the one mutilated for God'.عبد الله بن أنيس
A Juhani and ally of Banu Salima among the Ansar; he was at al-Aqaba and later campaigns and was one of those who broke the idols of Banu Salima; the Prophet sent him alone to Khalid ibn Nubayh al-Anzi, whom he killed; Jabir travelled a month to him for a hadith; he entered Egypt and went out to Ifriqiya, and died in Syria in 54 AH as is known.أبو بصير (عتبة بن أسيد)
A determined Meccan convert who escaped to Medina following the Hudaybiyya Treaty; surrendered to Quraysh envoys in adherence to treaty terms, he overpowered his guard on the journey back and established a coastal guerrilla base at al-Is, intercepting Quraysh caravans until Quraysh begged the Prophet to accept them in Medina.الأخنس بن شريق
A Thaqafi leader allied to Banu Zuhra who marched with the Meccan army, then judged a battle against Medina unnecessary after the caravan escaped and led the whole Zuhra contingent — some 300 men — home before Badr.العلاء بن جارية الثقفي
A leader of Thaqif allied to Banu Zuhra; he embraced Islam after the fall of Mecca and was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum to reconcile his tribe.الأقرع بن حابس التميمي
A paramount chieftain and arbitrator of Banu Tamim in Najd; given one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, he witnessed the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and al-Ta'if with the Prophet, came with the Tamim delegation in 9 AH and pronounced that the Muslims' orator and poet surpassed Tamim's, after which the delegation accepted Islam; he later took part in the early conquests.الحارث بن هشام المخزومي
A prominent nobleman of Banu Makhzum and brother of Abu Jahl; after fierce opposition to Islam at Badr and Uhud, he embraced Islam on the day of the conquest of Mecca, was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, and fell as a martyr in the conquest of Syria.عمرو بن الجموح
A chief of the Ansar from Banu Salima, who kept a wooden idol in his house until he embraced Islam, after the young men of his clan threw it repeatedly into the dung pits; Ibn al-Kalbi says he was the last of the Ansar to become Muslim; the Prophet told Banu Salima 'rather, your chief is Amr ibn al-Jamuh', and he gave the wedding feast when the Prophet married; he was killed at Uhud.عمرو بن سالم الخزاعي
A man of Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a who stood before the Prophet in the Medina mosque and recited his famous plea for help after the al-Watir attack — 'that which stirred the conquest of Mecca', in Ibn Ishaq's words.أنس بن أبي مرثد الغنوي
A companion of Ghaniy who volunteered to stand night watch over the Muslim camp on the eve of the battle of Hunayn.عاصم بن ثابت
A prominent warrior and archer of the Aws who fought at Badr and Uhud; chosen as commander of the ten scouts sent in the Expedition of al-Raji' in 4 AH, where he refused surrender and fought until martyrdom; God sent a swarm of wasps to shield his body from desecration by Quraysh.عوف بن الحارث (ابن عفراء)
He is Awf ibn Afra', brother of Mu'adh and Mu'awwidh, of Banu al-Najjar; he was at Badr and asked the Prophet that day what makes the Lord laugh at His servant, and he answered that it is to see him plunge his hand into the fight without armour, so he took off his armour, went forward and fought until he was killed as a martyr.بشر بن البراء
A noble Ansari Companion from Banu Salima of the Khazraj, son of al-Bara' ibn Ma'rur; Badri veteran who was present at the conquest of Khaybar; ate from the poisoned sheep offered by Zaynab bint al-Harith and died of its effects.بديل بن ورقاء الخزاعي
A Khuza'i leader of the truce years: he sheltered the driven-in Khuza'a in his house, led their complaint delegation to Medina, met Abu Sufyan at Usfan while concealing his own visit, and scouted the Muslim army with him at Marr al-Zahran — where he slipped away to warn the Prophet. As 'Budayl ibn Umm Asram' he answered al-Akhzar's war poem.حرب بن أمية
The senior Umayyad whom Quraysh and Kinana chose to lead them in the Fijar war against Qays 'Aylan, for his standing in age and honour; father of Abu Sufyan.حاطب بن أبي بلتعة
A Companion settled in Mecca without clan or kin there, a halif with children and wealth among them. When the Prophet resolved on the march to Mecca, Hatib wrote to warn Quraysh; the letter was intercepted, and the tradition holds that the Prophet excused him citing the people of Badr — and that the opening of Sura al-Mumtahana came down concerning him.حماس بن قيس الديلي
A warrior of Banu Bakr who prepared weapons before the Conquest boasting he would kill Muhammad's companions; he fought at al-Khandama, broke and fled to his house, reciting famous verses to his wife.الحباب بن المنذر
A Khazraji Companion whose counsel at Badr — to occupy the nearest well, block the others and build a reservoir — the Prophet accepted, giving the Muslim camp control of the water.حذيفة بن اليمان
A prominent Companion known as the 'Keeper of the Prophet's Secrets'; at the climax of the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet sent him across the lines on a freezing, gale-swept night into the confederate camp to gather intelligence, bringing back news of Abu Sufyan ordering the final retreat. وهو الذي أفزعه اختلاف أهل الشام والعراق في القراءة بفتح أرمينية فقال لعثمان «أدرك هذه الأمة قبل أن يختلفوا في الكتاب اختلاف اليهود والنصارى» فكان إنذاره سبب نسخ المصاحف.كعب بن مالك الأنصاري
One of the three chief poets of the Prophet from the Ansar (Banu Salama of Khazraj); he witnessed the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba, fought in the early campaigns, defended the community with his eloquent verses at Hunayn, and was later one of the three whose repentance at Tabuk was accepted. وحديثه عن تخلفه عن تبوك من أطول أخبار الصحيح وأشهرها.خراش بن أمية الكعبي
A warrior of Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a who, following the conquest of Mecca, ambushed and killed Ibn al-Anwa' al-Hudhali for pre-Islamic blood; the Prophet strongly condemned the act, paid the victim's wergild himself, and delivered the sermon of Mecca's perpetual inviolability.خنيس بن خالد الخزاعي (أبو صخر)
A Khuza'i Companion (kunya Abu Sakhr, allied to Banu Munqidh) in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry; he took an alternate path on entering Mecca and was killed at al-Khandama along with Kurz ibn Jabir.كرز بن جابر الفهري
A Companion from Banu Muharib ibn Fihr; in the conquest of Mecca he rode in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry, strayed off the main road with Khunays ibn Khalid, and was killed defending his fallen comrade at al-Khandama.مالك بن عباد الحضرمي
A trader of Banu al-Hadrami under the protection pact of Banu al-Aswad ibn Razn; Khuza'a killed him on their land and took his goods — the first link in the feud that ended at al-Watir.مرحب اليهودي
The formidable warrior-chieftain of the Jewish community of Khaybar; renowned for his strength and poetry; advanced in double armor challenging the Muslim army before the fortress of Na'im, where he was slain in single combat by Ali ibn Abi Talib.مخيريق
A Jewish scholar said to be from Banu al-Nadir, or Banu Qaynuqa according to others; in al-Waqidi's account he embraced Islam and was killed at Uhud; he left his wealth, seven orchards in Medina, to the Prophet, who made them a charitable endowment; Umar ibn Shabba reports from Ibn Shihab that the Prophet called him the foremost of the Jews.نوفل بن معاوية الديلي
Chief of Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr in the truce years; he led the night attack on Khuza'a at al-Watir seeking blood-revenge and refused to halt at the sanctuary's bounds — the breach that precipitated the conquest of Mecca.نعيم بن مسعود
A shrewd chieftain of Banu Ashja' of Ghatafan who converted to Islam secretly during the siege of the Trench; instructed by the Prophet that 'war is deceit', he successfully sowed mutual distrust between the confederate leaders (Quraysh and Ghatafan) and Banu Qurayza, precipitating the collapse of the siege.قارب بن الأسود الثقفي
A leader of the Ahlaf faction of Thaqif who commanded their contingent at the Battle of Hunayn; upon the confederation's collapse, he skillfully extricated his men toward Ta'if, preventing mass casualties among his clan.قطبة بن عامر بن حديدة
A Khazraji companion — one of the six Ansar who first met the Prophet at al-Aqaba and among its twelve nuqaba' — who witnessed Badr, and in Safar 9 AH commanded the twenty-man raid against a Khath'am clan near Tabala.ربيعة بن رفيع السلمي (ابن الدغنة)
A warrior of Banu Sulaym (known as Ibn al-Dughunna) who caught up with the aged Durayd ibn al-Simma at Awtas after the rout of Hunayn and killed him after an exchange of swords.سعد بن خيثمة
An Ansari of the Aws, one of the twelve naqibs on the night of al-Aqaba and the naqib of Banu Amr ibn Awf; the Prophet used to sit with people in his house at Quba, called 'the house of the crow'; he was killed at Badr after his lot was drawn over his father's, and Ibn Hajar rejects Abu Nu'aym's claim that he was the Abu Khaythama who stayed behind from Tabuk.سعد بن زيد الأشهلي
A noble Companion from Banu Abd al-Ashhal of the Aws; Badri veteran who was entrusted by the Prophet with the mission to demolish the ancient idol Manat at al-Mushallal in Ramadan 8 AH.صفوان بن المعطل
A righteous Companion and veteran warrior from Banu Sulaym assigned to travel behind the army to collect dropped luggage; when he found Aisha left behind at al-Muraysi', he recognized her, lowered his camel without uttering a word beyond 'Inna lillahi wa-inna ilayhi raji'un', and safely escorted her to Medina; he was martyred during the Armenian conquests.سلمة بن الأكوع
A famed Companion celebrated as the swiftest runner and premier foot-archer among the Muslims; hero of the Expedition of Dhu Qarad where he pursued the raiders on foot and recovered the captured camels; fought valiantly at Khaybar, Hunayn, and the Ridwan Pledge.سلمة بن الميلاء الجهني
A warrior of Juhayna who was killed in Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry during the entry into Mecca on the day of the Conquest.سواد بن غزية
An Ansari Companion at Badr who, when the Prophet's arrow nicked him while straightening the ranks, bared his own belly for retaliation; the Prophet embraced him instead — the best-known of the 'wonders of faith' vignettes from the battle.شيبة بن عثمان الحجبي
A hereditary custodian of the Kaaba from Banu Abd al-Dar who joined the march to Hunayn intending to assassinate the Prophet to avenge his father and uncle slain at Uhud; upon drawing close, he was overcome with awe, and the Prophet placed his hand on his chest and prayed for him, whereupon he embraced Islam and fought loyally.شجاع بن وهب الأسدي
An early Muhajir Companion from Banu Asad ibn Khuzayma who migrated to Abyssinia and fought at Badr and Uhud; chosen as the Prophet's envoy to al-Harith ibn Abi Shimr al-Ghassani, ruler of Damascus; later martyred at the battle of al-Yamama.سبيع ذو الخمار الثقفي
Leader of Banu Malik of Thaqif alongside his brother Ahmar at the Battle of Hunayn; his clan bore the brunt of the Muslim counterattack and suffered heavy casualties around their banner before falling back to Ta'if.سراقة بن مالك
A Mudliji horseman who chased the bounty on the fugitives; when his mare sank beneath him twice he sought safe-conduct instead, and spent the rest of the day turning pursuers away — 'the day's beginning against them, its end guarding them'.تميم بن أسد الخزاعي
The Khuza'i man who escaped the al-Watir night attack when his companion Munabbih fell; the long apology poem to Budayl ibn Umm Asram is his — though Ibn Hisham notes it is also ascribed to Hubayb ibn Abdullah al-A'lam al-Hudhali.عقبة بن عامر بن نابي
An Ansari of Banu Salima, he was at the first al-Aqaba, Badr and Uhud, where he was marked by a green band on his helmet, and at the Trench and the other campaigns, and was killed at al-Yamama; Ibn Hajar thinks he is a different man from Uqba ibn Amir al-Sulami who brought his son to the Prophet, though Ibn al-Athir joined them.عثمان بن حنيف
An Ansari, brother of Sahl ibn Hunayf; al-Tirmidhi alone said he fought at Badr, while the majority say his first campaign was Uhud; Umar sent him to survey the land after Kufa was conquered, and Ali appointed him over Basra but Talha and al-Zubayr took it from him, the well-known episode behind the battle of the Camel; he died in Mu'awiya's caliphate.عيينة بن حصن الفزاري
A powerful, mercurial chieftain of Banu Fazara in Najd (dubbed 'the foolish chief obeyed by ten thousand swords'); he witnessed the conquest of Mecca, Hunayn and al-Ta'if with the Prophet, was granted one hundred camels at al-Ji'rana among al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, came with the Banu Tamim delegation in 9 AH, and later faltered during the Ridda wars before repenting and returning to Islam.واقد بن عبد الله اليربوعي
A Tamimi of Banu Yarbu', ally of Banu Adi; he was at Badr, and he is the one who shot Amr ibn al-Hadrami dead with an arrow in the Nakhla raid, after which the verse about the sacred month was revealed; Banu Yarbu' used to boast that one of them was the first to kill a polytheist in Islam; he died at the start of Umar's caliphate.
گروہ
الجماعة المسلمة الأولى
The first generation of believers gathered around the Prophet in Mecca and Medina — the persecuted handful of the first decade that became the founding community of Islam.الأنصار
'The Helpers' — the Muslims of Medina, of Aws and Khazraj, who invited the Prophet to their city, sheltered the refugees, and supplied the community's fighting strength.بنو الديل
A clan of Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat ibn Kinana — its leading house, Banu al-Aswad ibn Razn, had been killed by Khuza'a before Islam; in the truce of Hudaybiyya its men under Nawfal ibn Mu'awiya carried out the night attack on al-Watir.بنو بكر بن عبد مناف
A tribe of Kinana that entered Quraysh's pact at Hudaybiyya; the night attack by its Banu al-Dil clan on Khuza'a at al-Watir — secretly armed by Quraysh — broke the truce and set off the conquest of Mecca.بنو جشم بن معاوية
A warrior clan of the Hawazin confederation; among them was the aged veteran commander and poet Durayd ibn al-Simma, who advised against driving the women and wealth into battle at Hunayn.بنو نصر بن معاوية
A leading clan of the Hawazin confederation; from it hailed Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri, commander of the polytheist confederation at the Battle of Hunayn.بنو قريظة
Medina's last Jewish tribe — besieged after the Battle of the Trench for treating with the confederates, judged by the arbitration they themselves accepted, and their men put to death in the gravest single act of violence of the Prophet's era.هوازن
The great nomadic confederation of the Hijaz — rival of Quraysh and the Prophet's own foster-kin — that fielded the last massed Arab army against the Muslims at Hunayn and then came over within the year.يهود خيبر
The Jewish oasis communities of Khaybar, north of Medina — farmers and smiths behind strong fortresses, including exiles of Banu Nadir — subdued in 628 and left on the land under tribute until Umar's expulsion.خزاعة
The tribe of the Meccan lowland, long allied to the Prophet's house by marriage and oath; it entered his pact at Hudaybiyya, was attacked at al-Watir by Banu Bakr with Quraysh's secret aid, and its appeal to Medina set off the conquest of Mecca.قريش
The tribe that held Mecca and the custodianship of the Kaaba — the Prophet's own people, its elite his fiercest opponents for a decade, then, after 630, the core of the new community's leadership.ثقيف
The tribe of Ta'if, keepers of the sanctuary of al-Lat — who drove the Prophet out with stones when he came to them alone, then, after Hunayn, negotiated their city into Islam on their own terms.
واقعہ
يوم الردم بين مراد وهمدان
تقریباً 620 (تقریباً) عیسویA battle shortly before Islam between Murad and Hamdan in which Hamdan did as they wished with Murad and inflicted heavy losses; Hamdan was led by al-Ajda' ibn Malik according to Ibn Ishaq, by Malik ibn Harim al-Hamdani according to Ibn Hisham. Farwa ibn Musayk of Murad composed verses on it, and the Prophet asked him on his arrival whether what befell his people on the Day of al-Radm grieved him.سرية سيف البحر
تقریباً مارچ 623 عیسوی · رمضان 1 ھThe first expedition dispatched by the Prophet, led by Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib with 30 Muhajirun in Ramadan 1 AH to intercept a Quraysh caravan; mediated by Majdi ibn Amr without clash.سرية رابغ
تقریباً اپریل 623 عیسوی · شوال 1 ھAn expedition led by Ubayda ibn al-Harith in Shawwal 1 AH with 60 Muhajirun; witnessed the first arrow shot in Islam by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas and the defection of al-Miqdad and Utba ibn Ghazwan to the Muslims.سرية الخرار
تقریباً مئی 623 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 1 ھAn expedition led by Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas with 20 Muhajirun in Dhu al-Qada 1 AH marching on foot by night towards al-Kharrar; found the caravan had passed the day before.غزوة الأبواء (ودان)
تقریباً اگست 623 عیسوی · صفر 2 ھThe first expedition led personally by the Prophet in Safar 2 AH with 70 Muhajirun; established an alliance treaty with Amr ibn Makhshi of Banu Damra.غزوة بواط
تقریباً ستمبر 623 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH with 200 companions to intercept a Quraysh caravan led by Umayya ibn Khalaf; reached Mount Buwat without encounter.غزوة سفوان (بدر الأولى)
تقریباً ستمبر 623 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Rabi' al-Awwal 2 AH in pursuit of Kurz ibn Jabir al-Fihri after he raided the pastures of Medina; chased him to the valley of Safwan near Badr.غزوة ذي العشيرة
تقریباً نومبر 623 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Jumada al-Ula/al-Akhirah 2 AH with 150-200 Muhajirun to intercept a Quraysh caravan to Sham (the caravan pursued later at Badr); concluded a treaty with Banu Mudlij.سرية نخلة
تقریباً جنوری 624 عیسوی · رجب 2 ھA secretive expedition dispatched by the Prophet under Abdullah ibn Jahsh in Rajab 2 AH with 12 Muhajirun; intercepted a Quraysh caravan at Nakhla, resulting in the death of Amr ibn al-Hadrami and captives; resolved by Qur'an 2:217.مبارزة بدر
13 مارچ 624 عیسوی · 17 رمضان 2 ھThe opening single combat of Badr: Utba, Shayba and al-Walid of Quraysh against Ubayda, Hamza and Ali; all three Qurayshis fell, and Ubayda died of his wound days later.غزوة بدر الكبرى
13 مارچ 624 عیسوی · 17 رمضان 2 ھThe first major battle between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh of Mecca, fought at the wells of Badr on 17 Ramadan 2 AH.غزوة بني سليم بالكدر
تقریباً اپریل 624 عیسوی · شوال 2 ھAn expedition of 200 Muslims led by the Prophet in Shawwal 2 AH to al-Kudr to disperse Banu Sulaym and Ghatafan gathering against Medina; the tribes scattered and Muslims captured 500 camels.غزوة بني قينقاع
تقریباً 9 اپریل 624 عیسوی · 15 شوال 2 ھA fifteen-day siege of the Jewish tribe Banu Qaynuqa in Shawwal 2 AH after their breach of the covenant; ended in their unconditional surrender and expulsion from Medina.غزوة السويق
تقریباً مئی 624 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 2 ھAn expedition in Dhu al-Hijjah 2 AH pursuing Abu Sufyan who raided the outskirts of Medina with 200 riders; the Meccans dumped bags of roasted barley flour (sawiq) to lighten their load during flight.غزوة ذي أمر (غطفان)
تقریباً جولائی 624 عیسوی · محرم 3 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet with 450 men in Muharram 3 AH to disperse Banu Thalaba and Muharib at Dhu Amarr; the Bedouins fled to mountain tops without fighting.غزوة بحران
تقریباً اکتوبر 624 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 3 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet with 300 men in Rabi' al-Thani 3 AH to Buhran in the direction of al-Furu'; stayed through Jumada al-Ula without encounter.سرية زيد بن حارثة إلى القردة
تقریباً نومبر 624 عیسوی · جمادی الثانی 3 ھA successful raid in Jumada al-Akhirah 3 AH led by Zayd ibn Haritha with 100 riders to al-Qarada in Najd, intercepting a rich Quraysh caravan led by Safwan ibn Umayya valued at 100,000 dirhams.غزوة أحد
مارچ 625 عیسوی · شوال 3 ھA battle near Mount Uhud in which the Quraysh gained the upper hand and Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was killed.المجلس الاستشاري وتجهيز الجيش لأحد
22 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 6 شوال 3 ھWhen news of the Quraysh army heading for Medina reached the Prophet he held a senior war council. His view was to stay in Medina and fight the polytheists through the alleys, and Abdullah ibn Ubayy agreed; but the young Companions who had missed Badr pressed to march out until he yielded. The Prophet put on his armour and girt his sword, then divided his army into three battalions: the Muhajirun under the banner of Mus'ab ibn Umayr, the Aws under Usayd ibn Hudayr, and the Khazraj under al-Hubab ibn al-Mundhir.القتال على لواء المشركين في أحد وإبادة حمَلَتِه
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe weight of the battle circled the polytheists' standard, which was carried by the Banu Abd al-Dar. The first to bear it, Talha ibn Abi Talha, was killed by al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. The Banu Abd al-Dar carried it in turn until they were wiped out: Uthman, Abu Sa'd, Artat, Shurayh, Abu Zayd ibn Abd Manaf, Ibn Sharhabil and others. Last to carry it was an Abyssinian slave named Sawab, who fought until his hands were cut off and fell upon it with his chest until he was killed. The standard fell to the ground with none left to bear it.دفن شهداء أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe Messenger of God looked over the martyrs and said: 'I am witness over these.' He ordered that anyone who had carried a slain man back to Medina return him, and that they be buried where they fell, in their clothes, the iron and leather removed, unwashed; two or three were laid in one grave, the one who had taken most of the Qur'an placed first. Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Haram and Amr ibn al-Jamuh were buried together for the love between them. They looked for Hanzala and found him dripping water; the Prophet said the angels were washing him, and he was called the angels' washed. Among the martyrs they found Mus'ab ibn Umayr, for whom no shroud was found but a striped cloak.انسحاب المنافقين يوم أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھOn the road to Uhud, when the army was near al-Shawt, Abdullah ibn Ubayy broke away and withdrew with some three hundred fighters on the pretext that the Messenger had rejected his advice to stay in Medina. This withdrawal revealed for the first time the hypocrisy that had been hidden. The Banu Haritha of the Aws and Banu Salama of the Khazraj wavered toward going back, then held firm by God's help; Abdullah ibn Haram, Jabir's father, tried to turn the hypocrites back and they refused.الدفاع عن رسول الله في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھAfter the wheeling manoeuvre only nine men remained with the Prophet at the rear. Utba ibn Abi Waqqas threw stones at him; his lower right incisor was broken and his lip wounded. Abdullah ibn Qami'a struck his cheek with a sword so that two rings of the helmet sank into it. In the hardest moment Talha ibn Ubaydullah and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas stood with him and shielded him. Sa'd shot until his quiver was emptied; Talha fought like eleven men until his fingers were cut and he bore thirty-five or thirty-nine wounds. Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah pulled the two helmet rings from his cheek with his front teeth. Abu Dujana shielded him with his back from the arrows. Umm Umara Nusayba bint Ka'b defended him until she took twelve wounds.تعبئة الجيش الإسلامي عند أحد وتعيين فصيلة الرماة
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھThe Prophet halted with seven hundred fighters in the gorge of Mount Uhud, facing Medina with his back to the mountain — the best position on the field. He picked fifty skilled archers under Abdullah ibn Jubayr ibn al-Nu'man al-Ansari al-Awsi and posted them on a small hill southeast of the camp known as the Archers' Hill, ordering them not to leave their position in victory or defeat, and told their commander: 'keep the cavalry off us with your arrows so they cannot come at us from behind.' He put al-Mundhir ibn Amr on the right wing and al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam on the left, supported by al-Miqdad.حركة الالتفاف التي نفّذها خالد بن الوليد في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھWhen the Muslims' backs were left bare of archers, Khalid ibn al-Walid wheeled with lightning speed to the rear of the Muslim army and wiped out Abdullah ibn Jubayr and his nine companions on the hill, then fell on the Muslims from behind. Hearing the cry of Khalid's cavalry, the polytheists turned back on the Muslims. A woman named Umra bint Alqama al-Harithiyya raised the fallen polytheist standard and they rallied around it. The Muslims were trapped between Khalid's horse behind them and Quraysh's army returning from the front.استشهاد حمزة بن عبد المطلب في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھHamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib was fighting in the open like a grey camel, sweeping the ranks aside. Wahshi ibn Harb, an Abyssinian slave of Jubayr ibn Mut'im, lay in wait behind a tree or rock; Jubayr had promised Wahshi his freedom if he killed Hamza in revenge for his uncle Tu'ayma ibn Adi, slain at Badr. 'I shook my spear until I was satisfied, then hurled it at him; it struck his flank and came out between his legs'. Wahshi finished him and returned to Mecca and was freed. Then Hind bint Utba came and cut open his liver and chewed it but could not swallow it.الانسحاب المنظم إلى شعب الجبل في أحد
23 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 7 شوال 3 ھWhen about thirty Companions had gathered around the Prophet he began an orderly withdrawal into the mountain gorge, cutting a path through the attacking polytheists. During the retreat he killed Ubayy ibn Khalaf with his own hand. The polytheists made a last attempt to climb the mountain under Abu Sufyan and Khalid, and Umar and a party of the Muhajirun fought until they drove them down. The Messenger of God settled in the gorge, where Fatima washed his wound and cauterised it with a burnt mat to stop the bleeding. Muhammad ibn Maslama brought fresh water from which the Prophet drank and prayed for him; he prayed the noon prayer sitting, from the effect of his wounds.غزوة حمراء الأسد
24 مارچ 625 عیسوی · 8 شوال 3 ھOn the morning of Sunday 8 Shawwal 3 AH the Prophet called the people to pursue Quraysh and said: only those who fought with us may come. The Muslims answered despite their wounds. They reached Hamra al-Asad, eight miles from Medina, and camped. The Prophet sent Ma'bad ibn Abi Ma'bad al-Khuza'i to Abu Sufyan, and at al-Rawha he waged a propaganda war of nerves on him: 'Muhammad has come out with a gathering I have never seen the like of, burning for you.' The Meccan army's resolve collapsed and they kept withdrawing to Mecca. Abu Sufyan sent riders of Abd al-Qays to threaten the Muslims, which only increased their faith. The Prophet stayed Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday, then returned and executed Abu Azza al-Jumahi, who had broken his pledge.غزوة الأحزاب (الخندق)
تقریباً فروری 627 عیسوی · شوال 5 ھIn Shawwal 5 AH (February-March 627 CE), a confederate army of 10,000 Meccans and Bedouin allies besieged Medina; upon Salman al-Farisi's advice the Muslims dug a protective trench on their northern boundary; the siege endured for nearly a month amidst cold, hunger, and the treachery of Banu Qurayza, until broken by Nu'aym ibn Mas'ud's stratagem and a violent night windstorm.غزوة بني قريظة
تقریباً مارچ 627 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 5 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH (March 627 CE), immediately after the confederates withdrew, the Prophet marched on Banu Qurayza for breaking their treaty during the siege of Medina; after twenty-five nights of siege they surrendered unconditionally and accepted the arbitration of Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, who decreed the execution of the combatants and captivity of women and children.غزوة بني المصطلق (المريسيع)
تقریباً دسمبر 627 عیسوی · شعبان 6 ھIn Sha'ban 6 AH (December 627 CE), the Prophet led an expedition against Banu al-Mustaliq at the watering-place of al-Muraysi' after intelligence revealed their mobilization; following a brief exchange, their forces scattered, their camp was taken, and the Prophet married Juwayriyya bint al-Harith, prompting the Muslims to free a hundred families of her clan.غزوة خيبر
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · محرم 7 ھIn Muharram 7 AH (May-June 628 CE), the Prophet marched with 1,400 companions of Hudaybiyya against the formidable Jewish oasis of Khaybar; following fierce assaults and the capture of eight major fortresses (including Na'im, al-Sa'b ibn Mu'adh, al-Zubayr, Ubayy, and al-Qamus), the Jewish leaders surrendered and agreed to cultivate the land for half of its produce.غزوة ذي قرد (غزوة الغابة)
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · محرم 7 ھShortly before Khaybar in 7 AH, Uyayna ibn Hisn raided the Prophet's milch camels at al-Ghaba; Salama ibn al-Akwa' pursued them alone on foot with stones and arrows, holding off the raiders until the cavalry arrived, recovering the camels.غزوة ذات الرقاع
تقریباً جولائی 628 عیسوی · ربیع الاول 7 ھIn the 7th year AH after Khaybar (debated timing), the Prophet led an expedition into Najd against gathering clans of Ghatafan; named from the rags the Muslims wrapped around their injured feet; here Salat al-Khawf (prayer of fear) was performed and the incident of Abbad ibn Bishr praying while struck by arrows occurred.القتال بين بني بكر وخزاعة على الوتير
629 عیسوی · 8 ھA night raid by Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr — secretly armed and joined by men of Quraysh — on Khuza'a at their watering place al-Watir in lower Mecca. The breach of the Hudaybiyya truce it caused is the spark the tradition gives for the conquest of Mecca.غزوة مؤتة
ستمبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 8 ھA Muslim force of three thousand sent north toward the Byzantine frontier met a larger Byzantine-led army at Mu'tah in Jumada I, 8 AH; after its three appointed commanders fell one by one, Khalid ibn al-Walid took command and withdrew the survivors. Ibn Ishaq (via Urwa ibn al-Zubayr) records a tactical withdrawal; Ibn Hisham cites al-Zuhri that God granted them victory.سرية ذات السلاسل
تقریباً اکتوبر 629 عیسوی · جمادی الثانی 8 ھIn Jumada II 8 AH (October 629 CE), following the Battle of Mu'tah, the Prophet dispatched Amr ibn al-As with 300 men (later reinforced by 200 led by Abu Ubayda) to Dhat al-Salasil on the borders of Syria to win over and neutralize the Quda'a and Bali tribes; Amr demonstrated tactical prudence, routed the gatherings, and established Muslim authority in the northern deserts.غزوة حنين
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھA battle in a valley near Mecca against the tribes of Hawazin and Thaqif, shortly after the conquest of Mecca.هدم العزى ومنائر الأصنام الكبرى
تقریباً جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھIn Ramadan 8 AH immediately following the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet dispatched detachments to obliterate the major pagan sanctuaries of Arabia: Khalid ibn al-Walid destroyed al-Uzza at Nakhla, Amr ibn al-As demolished Suwa' of Hudhayl, and Sa'd ibn Zayd al-Ashhali destroyed Manat at al-Mushallal.سرية أوطاس
تقریباً جنوری 630 عیسوی · شوال 8 ھA detachment sent by the Prophet under Abu Amir al-Ash'ari in pursuit of the routed Hawazin remnants encamped at Awtas; Abu Amir was struck by an arrow and martyred after routing nine enemy champions, whereupon Abu Musa al-Ash'ari took the banner and secured victory.وقعة الخندمة
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھA sharp clash on the heights of al-Khandama where armed resisters from Quraysh and Banu Bakr under Safwan ibn Umayya, Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl, and Suhayl ibn Amr attempted to bar Khalid ibn al-Walid's entry; the resistance was quickly routed, leaving twelve to thirteen Meccan fighters dead, while Kurz ibn Jabir, Khunays ibn Khalid, and Salama ibn al-Mayla' fell on the Muslim side.فتح مكة (الفتح الأعظم)
تقریباً 11 جنوری 630 عیسوی · 20 رمضان 8 ھIn Ramadan 8 AH (January 630 CE), following Banu Bakr and Quraysh's breach of the Hudaybiyya peace at al-Watir, the Prophet mobilized 10,000 Muslims and entered Mecca in triumphant humility; dividing the army into four columns, the city was taken almost without resistance; the 360 idols around the Kaaba were shattered, and the Prophet announced a general amnesty to the populace: 'Go, for you are free'. وخطب يوم الفتح فأعلن حرمة البلد إلى يوم القيامة «لم يحل القتال فيه لأحد قبلي ولم يحل لي إلا ساعة من نهار» واستثنى الإذخر لقينهم وبيوتهم.مؤامرة عامر بن الطفيل وأربد بن قيس
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھWithin the Banu Amir delegation of 9 AH, Amir ibn al-Tufayl engaged the Prophet in talk while Arbad ibn Qays circled behind him and half-drew his sword; the tradition reports that God restrained his hand, and on their return Arbad was struck by lightning and Amir died of a throat swelling.زيارة شهداء أحد الأخيرة
تقریباً اپریل 632 عیسوی · صفر 11 ھIn early Safar 11 AH the Prophet went out to Uhud and prayed over the martyrs 'as one bidding farewell to the living and the dead', then said from the minbar that he was their forerunner, that he could see his Basin, and that he feared not polytheism for them but rivalry over the world.غزوة ذات الصواري (31هـ)
تقریباً 651 عیسوی · 31 ھDhat al-Sawari, 'the Battle of the Masts' (AH 31): the first great naval armament of Islam — Constans sailed in five or six hundred ships, the Muslims under Abdullah ibn Sa'd lashed their hulls together and fought sword to sword until the Byzantines broke and their emperor fled wounded, in the Arabic telling to be killed in a Sicilian bath; Ibn al-Athir notes the victory field was also where talk against Uthman began.هزيمة بلنجر (32هـ)
تقریباً 652 عیسوی · 32 ھThe Balanjar disaster (AH 32): against Uthman's written warning not to plunge the army in, Abd al-Rahman ibn Rabi'a marched on Balanjar beyond Derbent and was killed — the Khazars kept his body in a coffin for rain-prayers; Salman ibn Rabi'a's relief column gathered the fugitives, among them Salman al-Farisi and Abu Hurayra, in the first Khazar triumph over the Muslim frontier.سقوط سرقسطة
تقریباً 18 دسمبر 1118 عیسوی · تقریباً 4 رمضان 512 ھSaragossa fell to the Christians on Wednesday 4 Ramadan 512 — the capital of the Upper March passing out of Muslim hands.وقعة كتندة
تقریباً 1120 عیسوی · تقریباً 514 ھThe rout of Cutanda (514) in the Upper March of Saragossa: some twenty thousand volunteer mutatawwi'a were cut down while the regular army escaped unhurt; the amir was Ibrahim ibn Yusuf ibn Tashfin, and the scholars Abu Ali al-Sadafi and Ibn al-Farra went out as ghazis and were lost. The qadi Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi was present — asked how he had fared, he gave the Maghrebi proverb 'the state of one who left his tent and cloak': everything gone.أخذ تطيلة وطرسونة
تقریباً 1130 عیسوی · تقریباً 524 ھTudela and its sister Tarazona fell to the Christians in 524, in Ibn al-Yasa's phrase.سقوط المرية بيد النصارى سنة ٥٤٢
تقریباً 17 اکتوبر 1147 عیسوی · تقریباً 17 جمادی الاول 542 ھThe sack of Almeria (Friday 17 Jumada I 542): the Castilian-Genoese force under Alfonso VII — 'the emperor, son of Alfonso's daughter' — stormed the harbour city and carried off fourteen thousand maidens alone; the hafiz Ibn Hubaysh won his household's freedom by reciting the emperor's pedigree back to Heraclius, and the traditionist al-Rushati was martyred in its fall. The Almohads Abd al-Mu'min's sons recovered it — fighting Christians within and Ibn Mardanish without until he withdrew in shame at fighting men who fought the Christians.حصار الأذفونش قرطبة ودخولها في طاعة الموحدين
تقریباً 1150 عیسوی · تقریباً 545 ھAlfonso VII's siege of Cordoba (545) with forty thousand horse while the city starved; Abd al-Mu'min sent twelve thousand under whom the Frank withdrew, and the commander Abu al-Ghamr al-Sa'ib surrendered it to Yahya ibn Maymun — then the Almohad army entered al-Andalus twenty thousand strong under al-Muntati, and Granada's Maymun and Ibn Hamushk submitted.فتح صلاح الدين أيلة
تقریباً دسمبر 1170 عیسوی · ربیع الثانی 566 ھهزيمة صلاح الدين بالرملة
تقریباً نومبر 1177 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 573 ھحصار الفرنج حماة
تقریباً نومبر 1177 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 573 ھغارة الفرنج على بحر عيذاب وساحل الحجاز
تقریباً 1182 عیسوی · 578 ھوقعة حطين
تقریباً 4 جولائی 1187 عیسوی · 25 ربیع الثانی 583 ھاسترجاع شلب من الإفرنج
تقریباً 1190 عیسوی · تقریباً 586 ھAl-Mansur's recovery of Silves (586): told the Franks had taken the western city, he marched himself, besieged and took it, and sent an army that won back four towns the Franks had held for forty years — whereupon the lord of Toledo sued for a five-year truce.ملك الفرنج عكا وقتل الأسرى
تقریباً 12 جولائی 1191 عیسوی · 17 جمادی الثانی 587 ھقتل السلطان طغرل الثالث آخر سلاطين السلاجقة بالعراق
تقریباً مارچ 1194 عیسوی · 24 ربیع الاول 590 ھملك الكرج قرس وموت ملكتهم
تقریباً 1207 عیسوی · 604 ھأسر خوارزم شاه من الخطا وخلاصه
تقریباً 1207 عیسوی · 604 ھالوقعة التي أفنت الخطا
تقریباً 1207 عیسوی · 604 ھحصار هراة وقتل ابن خرميل
تقریباً 1207 عیسوی · 604 ھدخول العدو لوشة مع البياسي
تقریباً 1225 عیسوی · تقریباً 622 ھThe Christians entered Loja in 622 with the sayyid Abu Muhammad al-Bayasi amid his fitna against al-Adil, ravaging it utterly before the Muslims recovered it.ضياع ماردة عن ابن هود
تقریباً 1229 عیسوی · تقریباً 626 ھThe Christians took the district of Merida from Muhammad ibn Hud in 626 — 'the opener of calamities at his hand,' for Merida had been the capital of the al-Jawf country in Arab and Ajam days.سقوط ميورقة بيد الروم
تقریباً 31 دسمبر 1229 عیسوی · تقریباً 14 صفر 627 ھThe conquest of Majorca (Safar 627/Dec 1229): when its governor raided the mainland for timber and seized a Barcelona flat-bottom, James I bound his barons by oath and gathered twenty thousand ashore and sixteen thousand by sea; the rout on Monday 18 Shawwal opened the walls, the city was stormed on Sunday, and twenty-four thousand were killed 'on one account' while the governor was taken and tortured to death after forty-five days.وقعة أنيشة
تقریباً 11 اگست 1237 عیسوی · تقریباً 10 ذوالحجہ 634 ھThe battle of Anisha (Thursday, 10 Dhu al-Hijja 634) in which the hafiz Abu'l-Rabi al-Kila'i was killed — advancing ahead of the ranks, calling to the fleeing 'do you flee Paradise?' until he fell; his pupil Ibn al-Abbar mourned him in the famous mimiyya elegy.تمليك مرسية للعدو صلحاً
تقریباً 1243 عیسوی · تقریباً 641 ھMurcia was handed to the Christians by treaty on Thursday 10 Shawwal — Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Hud, son of its own governor, came with a company of Christian notables and surrendered it by compact.سقوط الجزيرة الخضراء وكسرة الأسطول
تقریباً مارچ 1344 عیسوی · تقریباً 744 ھThe fall of Algeciras and the straits disaster: Abu al-Hasan al-Marini built great fleets for the jihad and answered Andalus's summons in person at Ceuta, but countless Christian ships barred the crossing until they took the Green Island and broke his fleet utterly — the loss he himself reported in his letter to Sultan al-Salih of Egypt and the Hijaz.أخذ الحامة غدراً والحصار المسلم المردود
تقریباً فروری 1482 عیسوی · تقریباً 887 ھThe Marquis of Cadiz seized Alhama by stealth in the last days of the truce (887) — the blow that opened Granada's final war; Granada's folk besieged the garrison and nearly cut its water until relief armies forced them off, and a last escalade by men of Baza and Guadix was discovered and hurled from the heights.وقعة لشانة وأسر أبي عبد الله
تقریباً اپریل 1483 عیسوی · تقریباً ربیع الاول 888 ھThe battle of Lucena: Boabdil, hearing of his uncle's spoils at Malaga, led Granada's army raiding in Rabi I 888 until the Castilians cut him off in the mountains near Lucena; the army broke and the sultan himself was taken, handed secretly to the Castilian king's captain — the capture that let Castile play him against his father until Granada fell.سقوط رندة والغربية بيد القشتاليين
تقریباً مئی 1485 عیسوی · تقریباً جمادی الاول 890 ھThe Castilian siege of Ronda (Jumada I 890): its walls battered while its men were away relieving Cartama, the town surrendered on aman and all western Malaga followed — then the autumn campaign took Qanbil, Mishaqar and Hisn al-Lawz until 'he turned nowhere without uprooting it'.ثورة البيازين وسقوط لوشة
تقریباً 28 مئی 1486 عیسوی · تقریباً 26 جمادی الاول 891 ھCastile released the captive Boabdil, clothed him and armed him to split the Muslims — Vélez submitted and 'peace' was cried in the markets; Granada's Bayazin quarter rose for him (Rabi I–Jumada I 891) while the Alcazaba stoned them. He then entered Loja seeking reconciliation with his uncle al-Zaghal, but the Castilian siege starved it into surrender on 26 Jumada I 891 — Ibn al-Khatib's ancestral town — and Granada openly said he had come only to hand Loja over as his ransom.سقوط بلش مالقة والانهزام قبل الالتحام
تقریباً 29 اپریل 1487 عیسوی · تقریباً 10 جمادی الاول 892 ھThe fall of Velez-Malaga (Jumada I 892): al-Zaghal's relief army — Granadans, Guadix men and Alpujarras levies — reached the besieged town only to break before contact when word came that Granada had risen for Boabdil; Velez surrendered on Friday 10 Jumada I and the whole east-Malaga coast submitted, opening the road to the great siege of Malaga itself.حصار بسطة واستسلام الزغل
تقریباً 4 دسمبر 1489 عیسوی · تقریباً 10 محرم 895 ھThe siege of Baza (Rajab 894–Muharram 895): al-Zaghal threw in every levy from Guadix, Almeria and the Alpujarras and held the Castilians off all summer until siege engines sealed the town; starving, the defenders staged full markets to bluff the enemy spy — 'war is deception' — then surrendered the citadel on Friday 10 Muharram 895. Al-Zaghal himself met the Castilian at Almeria and handed over Guadix's citadel in early Safar: everything east of Granada passed to Castile 'in the blink of an eye'.المجلس الاستشاري عشية بدر
رمضان 2 ھThe consultative council the Prophet held at Dhi Afran after news of the Quraysh levy reached him, in which the Muslim commanders — and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh speaking for the Ansar — pledged to fight beyond the letter of the Aqaba pledge.قضية أسارى بدر
رمضان 2 ھThe aftermath decision over the seventy Badr captives: the consultation in which Abu Bakr advised ransom and Umar advised execution, the ransom terms (1000–4000 dirhams, or teaching ten boys to write), the executions of al-Nadr and Uqba, and the exegetical comments in 8:67-68 and 47:4.القليب — دفن قتلى المشركين ببدر
رمضان 2 ھAfter the battle the Quraysh dead were cast into a pit (the qulayb) at Badr, where the Prophet addressed them by name; when Umar asked how he spoke to the dead he answered that they heard him no less than the living.وقعة سمورة (٣٢٧هـ)
شوال 327 ھal-Nasir's hundred-thousand-strong expedition against king Rudhmir of the Jalaliqa at Samura in Shawwal 327, three days after the month's eclipse — initially a Muslim victory, it turned when the besieged sortied and killed some fifty thousand after they had crossed the ditch; Umayya ibn Ishaq supposedly dissuaded Rudhmir from pursuing the survivors.نزول سابور الجنود على الحضر
Shapur I's month-long investment of al-Dayzan's Hatra — broken only when the lovesick al-Nadira told him to track thrown straw up the Tharthar's hidden channel into the fortress; its king slain, Hadra razed, the tale became poetry.
تصنیف
مراثي حسان بن ثابت في شهداء مؤتة
Three elegies by Hassan ibn Thabit mourning the Mu'tah commanders: the first for all three together, the second for Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and the third for Zayd and Ibn Rawaha. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within his Mu'tah account.مرثية كعب بن مالك في شهداء مؤتة
Elegy by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari praising the endurance and courage of the Mu'tah martyrs. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within the Mu'tah narrative.قصيدة العباس بن مرداس في يوم حنين
The ode composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas al-Sulami celebrating the steadfastness of Banu Sulaym and the Muslims' counter-rally at the Battle of Hunayn, answering Hawazin's poets.قصيدة كعب بن مالك في يوم حنين ومسير الطائف
The ode by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari commemorating the victory at Hunayn and the army's advance to besiege the fortress of Ta'if.أبيات عتاب العباس بن مرداس في قسمة الجعرانة
The verses of gentle reproach composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas when granted fewer camels than Uyayna and al-Aqra', upon which the Prophet ordered his share completed to a full hundred until he was satisfied.قصيدة حسان في تعداد أيام الأنصار مع النبي
A lam-rhymed poem listing the Ansar's battles beside the Prophet from Badr to Tabuk; Ibn Ishaq places it at the close of the Bara'a chapter, and Ibn Hisham notes it is also attributed to Hassan's son Abd al-Rahman and that its last verse comes from a source other than Ibn Ishaq.شعر فروة بن مسيك في يوم الردم وفي مسيره إلى النبي
A nun-rhymed poem Farwa ibn Musayk al-Muradi composed on the Day of al-Radm: if they win they have long been winners and if beaten they are not the oft-beaten, cowardice is not their way, fortune turns by turns, and had kings lived forever so would they; and two verses he said when he set out for the Prophet, leaving the kings of Kinda. Ibn Hisham marks the first line and the phrase 'if we win' as from other than Ibn Ishaq and gives Abu Ubayda's reading of the second couplet.
تصور
البكاؤون
Seven men of the Ansar and others who came to the Prophet asking for mounts to join the Tabuk campaign; when he had nothing to carry them, they turned back with tears streaming down their faces.جيش العسرة
The name Ibn Hisham records for the army of the Tabuk expedition, in a report about Uthman ibn Affan spending a thousand dinars on it.التخلف عن غزوة تبوك
Ibn Ishaq's classification of those who did not march with the Prophet to Tabuk: bedouin asking to be excused, the weepers who found no mount, men who stayed behind without doubt such as Abu Khaythama, and the hypocrites and doubters by his description.
مقام
الجعرانة
A settlement between Mecca and Ta'if where the Prophet halted the spoils and captives of Hunayn, received Hawazin's delegation and granted them general amnesty, distributed the shares to al-Mu'allafa Qulubuhum, addressed the Ansar, and entered ihram for Umrah.الخندمة
A rugged mountain on the edge of Mecca where resisters from Quraysh and Banu Bakr gathered under Safwan ibn Umayya, Ikrima ibn Abi Jahl, and Suhayl ibn Amr, and clashed with Khalid ibn al-Walid's column on the morning of the Conquest.الوتير
A watering place of Khuza'a in lower Mecca where Banu al-Dil of Banu Bakr made the night attack that broke the Hudaybiyya truce.أوطاس
A valley in the territory of Hawazin where Malik ibn Awf mustered the tribal confederation before Hunayn, and where the defeated remnants of Hawazin rallied under Durayd ibn al-Simma before being pursued by Abu Amir al-Ash'ari.ذي طوى
A valley in lower Mecca where the Prophet halted the army, bowed his head in humility on his mount until his beard nearly touched the saddle, divided the columns for entry, and where Abu Quhafa was brought to embrace Islam.مر الظهران
A major valley stage one stage north of Mecca (modern Wadi Fatima); there the ten-thousand-strong Muslim army encamped and lit ten thousand fires, Abu Sufyan was brought in by al-Abbas, and the tribes paraded in iron before the entry.وادي حنين
A deep, hollow valley in the Tihama lowlands between Mecca and Ta'if with narrow gorges where the Hawazin confederation laid their ambush against the Muslim army in Shawwal 8 AH.
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔