خاندان: · 41 اندراجات
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المطعم بن عدي
تقریباً 555 عیسویA chief of Banu Nawfal who never became a Muslim — yet tore up the boycott document against Banu Hashim and sheltered the Prophet under his protection when Mecca would not take him back from Ta'if.أبو سفيان بن حرب
تقریباً 560 عیسویLeader of Mecca through the years of open war against the Muslims — commander at Uhud and the Trench — who submitted at the conquest of Mecca and ended his life a Muslim; father of the first Umayyad caliph.سهيل بن عمرو
تقریباً 570 عیسویQuraysh's orator and spokesman — the diplomat who faced Muhammad across the table at Hudaybiyya — who converted at the conquest and died a Muslim in the plague of Amwas.الحسن بن علي
تقریباً مارچ 625 عیسوی · تقریباً رمضان 3 ھElder grandson of the Prophet through Fatima and Ali; briefly caliph in 661 CE before abdicating in favor of Muawiya, an act understood differently across the traditions.عبد ياليل بن عمرو
Chief of Thaqif who led the six-man delegation to the Prophet in Ramadan 9 AH after initially refusing the mission for fear of meeting Urwa ibn Mas'ud's fate; he negotiated the terms and the demolition of al-Lat.العلاء بن الحضرمي
An early Muslim Companion and skilled diplomat from Hadramawt; appointed by the Prophet as his envoy to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa, ruler of Bahrain, who accepted Islam alongside his people; served as governor of Bahrain under the Prophet, Abu Bakr, and Umar.عروة بن مسعود الثقفي
Chieftain of Thaqif in al-Ta'if and respected Meccan diplomat; represented Quraysh during negotiations at al-Hudaybiyya and famously reported to Quraysh the unparalleled devotion of the Companions to Muhammad; he embraced Islam in 9 AH and was martyred by his own people while calling them to prayer from his rooftop.زهير بن صُرَد
A chieftain of Hawazin who headed the fourteen-man delegation that came to the Prophet at al-Ji'rana as Muslims, pleading foster-kinship for the return of their captured women and children; the Prophet and the Muslims released six thousand captives in response.
واقعہ
بيعتا العقبة
تقریباً جولائی 621 عیسویThe First and Second Pledges of Aqaba at Mina in the 12th and 13th years of prophethood (621 and 622 CE), in which delegates from Yathrib pledged allegiance to the Prophet, preparing Medina as the haven of the Hijra.صحيفة المدينة
تقریباً 622 عیسوی · 1 ھA document, preserved in early sources, regulating relations among the Muslims and the other communities of Medina.اجتماع دار الندوة وقرار اغتيال النبي
تقریباً 12 ستمبر 622 عیسوی · تقریباً 29 صفر 1 ھ†The fateful meeting of Quraysh's parliament in Dar al-Nadwa on Thursday 26 Safar 14 AH (12 September 622 CE) where chiefs debated expelling, imprisoning, or assassinating Muhammad, resolving on Abu Jahl's proposal to strike him simultaneously with a young warrior from each clan.غزوة الأبواء (ودان)
تقریباً اگست 623 عیسوی · صفر 2 ھThe first expedition led personally by the Prophet in Safar 2 AH with 70 Muhajirun; established an alliance treaty with Amr ibn Makhshi of Banu Damra.غزوة ذي العشيرة
تقریباً نومبر 623 عیسوی · جمادی الاول 2 ھAn expedition led by the Prophet in Jumada al-Ula/al-Akhirah 2 AH with 150-200 Muhajirun to intercept a Quraysh caravan to Sham (the caravan pursued later at Badr); concluded a treaty with Banu Mudlij.بعث العلاء بن الحضرمي إلى المنذر بن ساوى وإسلامه
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 7 ھBefore the conquest of Mecca the Prophet sent al-Ala' ibn al-Hadrami to al-Mundhir ibn Sawa al-Abdi, lord of Bahrayn, who became a good Muslim; al-Ala' stayed as the Prophet's governor of Bahrayn until al-Mundhir died after the Prophet and before Bahrayn's apostasy. Later sources place it among the letters to the kings after al-Hudaybiyya.صلح الحديبية
تقریباً مارچ 628 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 6 ھIn Dhu al-Qa'da 6 AH (March 628 CE), the Prophet marched towards Mecca with 1,400 companions for Umrah; halted at al-Hudaybiyya by Quraysh, negotiations through Suhayl ibn Amr produced a historic ten-year peace treaty described in the Qur'an as a 'Manifest Victory'.مكاتبة الملوك والأمراء
تقریباً مئی 628 عیسوی · ذوالحجہ 6 ھIn late 6 AH (early 628 CE) following the Hudaybiyya truce, the Prophet initiated an international diplomatic initiative, sending envoys with silver-sealed letters to the major emperors, kings, and regional chiefs of the surrounding world: the Negus of Abyssinia, the Muqawqis of Egypt, Chosroes of Persia, Heraclius of Byzantium, al-Mundhir ibn Sawa of Bahrain, Hawdha ibn Ali of al-Yamama, al-Harith al-Ghassani of Damascus, and the rulers of Oman.خطبة النبي عند باب الكعبة والأمان العام
جنوری 630 عیسوی · رمضان 8 ھStanding at the threshold of the Kaaba, the Prophet addressed the assembled people of Mecca, abolishing pre-Islamic blood feuds, reciting Qur'an 49:13 on human equality, returning the hereditary custodianship of the key to Uthman ibn Talha, and declaring a comprehensive general amnesty with the renowned words: 'Go, for you are the free ones' (al-Tulaqa').فتح مكة (الفتح الأعظم)
تقریباً 11 جنوری 630 عیسوی · 20 رمضان 8 ھIn Ramadan 8 AH (January 630 CE), following Banu Bakr and Quraysh's breach of the Hudaybiyya peace at al-Watir, the Prophet mobilized 10,000 Muslims and entered Mecca in triumphant humility; dividing the army into four columns, the city was taken almost without resistance; the 360 idols around the Kaaba were shattered, and the Prophet announced a general amnesty to the populace: 'Go, for you are free'. وخطب يوم الفتح فأعلن حرمة البلد إلى يوم القيامة «لم يحل القتال فيه لأحد قبلي ولم يحل لي إلا ساعة من نهار» واستثنى الإذخر لقينهم وبيوتهم.خطبة النبي في الأنصار بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھWhen the Ansar received nothing of the lavish Hunayn grants and grumbled that 'the Prophet has rejoined his own people', Sa'd ibn Ubada conveyed their hurt and gathered them in an enclosure; the Prophet reminded them they had been astray and God guided them, destitute and God enriched them, enemies and God reconciled their hearts — then asked whether they were not content that people return with sheep and camels while they return to their homes with the Messenger of God; the Ansar wept until their beards were wet and declared themselves content with the Messenger of God as their share.قسمة غنائم حنين وعطايا المؤلفة بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھAt al-Ji'rana the Prophet divided the vast spoils of Hunayn (twenty-four thousand camels, forty thousand sheep, and four thousand silver awqiya); he warned against the misappropriation of spoils, and bestowed major grants upon Meccan notables and Najdi tribal chieftains to reconcile their hearts to Islam. وعند البخاري جمع النبي الأنصار في قبة من أدم بعدما قالت فيهم نفسها حين أعطى قريشاً وتركهم «وسيوفنا تقطر من دمائهم»، فقال «أما ترضون أن يذهب الناس بالأموال وتذهبون بالنبي إلى رحالكم»، وقال «الأنصار شعار والناس دثار، إنكم ستلقون بعدي أثرة فاصبروا حتى تلقوني على الحوض» ،. وجاءه وفد هوازن يسأل رد الأموال أو السبي فخيرهم بينهما فاختاروا سبيهم فردّهم.وفد هوازن واسترداد السبايا بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھA delegation of Hawazin came to the Prophet at al-Ji'rana after professing Islam, invoking his foster-kinship among their clans; the Prophet relinquished his own share and that of Banu Abd al-Muttalib, and inspired the Muhajirun and Ansar to return six thousand captives to their families in a grand act of reconciliation.خطبة النبي للأنصار في الحظيرة بالجعرانة
فروری 630 عیسوی · ذوالقعدہ 8 ھAfter the Ansar felt grieved that newly reconciled Qurashi and Bedouin chieftains received large gifts while they received nothing, the Prophet gathered them in an enclosure at al-Ji'rana and delivered an impassioned, tearful address: 'Are you not pleased that people return with sheep and camels while you return with the Messenger of God to your dwellings?', moving the entire gathering to tears.وفد ثقيف
تقریباً دسمبر 630 عیسوی · رمضان 9 ھIn Ramadan 9 AH six men of Thaqif led by Abd Yalil ibn Amr came to Medina; after requesting exemptions the Prophet refused, they surrendered and accepted Islam, stipulating that the Prophet himself order the demolition of al-Lat, and he appointed the youngest of them, Uthman ibn Abi al-As, over them.مؤامرة عامر بن الطفيل وأربد بن قيس
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھWithin the Banu Amir delegation of 9 AH, Amir ibn al-Tufayl engaged the Prophet in talk while Arbad ibn Qays circled behind him and half-drew his sword; the tradition reports that God restrained his hand, and on their return Arbad was struck by lightning and Amir died of a throat swelling.وفد عبد القيس
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھThe second delegation of Abd al-Qays came to Medina in the Year of Delegations, forty men among them al-Jarud ibn al-Ala, who had been a Christian; an earlier delegation of about fourteen had come in 5 AH led by al-Ashajj al-Asri.وفد همدان
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھA delegation of Hamdan came in 9 AH after Tabuk; the Prophet appointed Malik ibn al-Namt over their Muslims and sent Khalid ibn al-Walid to invite the rest — after six unanswered months Ali ibn Abi Talib was sent instead, the whole tribe embraced Islam, and the Prophet prostrated at the news saying: peace upon Hamdan.وفد نجران
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھSixty riders of Christian Najran came to Medina in 9 AH led by the Aqib, the Sayyid and Bishop Abu Haritha; when they declined Islam the Prophet offered the mutual invocation of God's curse (mubahala) with Fatima, al-Hasan and al-Husayn, they asked instead for terms, and a treaty granted them God's protection in exchange for two thousand garments a year.كتاب ملوك حمير
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھAfter the return from Tabuk the kings of Himyar — al-Harith and Nu'aym sons of Abd Kulal, al-Nu'man ibn Qayl Dhu Ru'ayn and the chiefs of Hamdan and Ma'afir — sent Malik ibn Murra al-Rahawi announcing their Islam; the Prophet answered with a charter of rights and duties and dispatched a mission headed by Mu'adh ibn Jabal.عام الوفود
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn the ninth year after the Hijra, delegations from tribes across Arabia came to Medina to accept Islam or make agreements.سفارات أوروبا إلى الناصر بالزهراء
تقریباً 948 عیسوی · 336 ھIn 336 al-Nasir Abd al-Rahman staged a reception at Madinat al-Zahra for the envoys of Constantine VII — a sky-blue charter in gold Greek script sealed with four-mithqal gold — where Mundhir ibn Sa'id's impromptu sermon won him the qadiship; then followed embassies from Otto king of the Saqaliba, the German king, and the Frankish kings Hugh and Childebert, to whom al-Nasir sent back Rabi' the bishop.تسليم غرناطة ودخول النصارى الحمراء
تقریباً 2 جنوری 1492 عیسوی · 897 ھOn 2 Rabi I 897 the Christians took the Alhambra: Granada's sultan Abu Abdallah surrendered on sixty-seven conditions — safety of life, family and property, the shari'a kept, mosques and waqfs untouched, free passage to North Africa — then withdrew to the Alpujarras and crossed to Fez; the Christians broke the treaty clause by clause until forced conversion followed in 904.
تصنیف
تصور
المؤلفة قلوبهم
A legal category of recipients of zakat and spoils established in Islamic law to reconcile hearts to the faith and cement communal stability; widely applied by the Prophet at al-Ji'rana through major grants of camels and silver to Meccan and Najdi tribal chiefs.الذمة
Dhimma in al-Baladhuri is the written covenant of security granted to treaty peoples of the Book: its formula in the Prophet's letter to Najran runs 'they have God's protection and the protection of His messenger over their persons, religion, lands, wealth, absent and present', and its stipulated terms in the Najran peace include that they not be seduced from their religion or its ranks, nor levied nor tithed, and in the letter's text that no bishop be removed from his bishopric, no monk from his monasticism, no right of theirs or their images — crucifixes and icons — be altered, and no army tread their land, while whoever of them took usury the Prophet's protection was quit of him; the letter of the people of Maqna grants 'God's protection and His messenger's' with security and pardon for every blood; and the dhimma was renewed under the caliphs — Abu Bakr wrote to the people of Najran on the model of the Prophet's letter, and Uthman called them 'a people who have a dhimma' when he remitted two hundred of their hullas.الفتح صلحاً
Fath sulhan in al-Baladhuri is taking a town by negotiated capitulation without combat: his first example is Fadak — on his return from Khaybar the Prophet sent Muhayyisa ibn Masud al-Ansari calling its people to Islam, 'and they made peace with the Prophet on half the land with its soil, and he accepted that from them', so its people remained in it through the Prophet's life and Abu Bakr's until Umar exiled them; sulh contrasts with 'anwa — treaty peoples keep their lands and property on the treaty's terms except what was stipulated, and the half-land treaty made half of Fadak pure fay' for the Prophet 'because the Muslims had not charged upon it with horse or camel'.
گروہ
الإهانة
2017 عیسوی · 1438 ھ†Ziad Doueiri's film about a Lebanese Christian and a Palestinian refugee whose dispute becomes a national trial reopening civil-war wounds — Lebanon's first Oscar nominee.السلطان والقديس
2016 عیسوی · 1437 ھ†UPF's docudrama, narrated by Jeremy Irons, on St Francis of Assisi's meeting with Sultan al-Kamil at Damietta in 1219 amid the Fifth Crusade.مدن النور: صعود وسقوط إسبانيا الإسلامية
Gardner/UPF's PBS documentary on seven centuries of Muslim-Christian-Jewish coexistence in al-Andalus and its end.وين رايحين
2011 عیسوی · 1432 ھ†Nadine Labaki's film about a Lebanese village where Muslims and Christians coexist, whose women conspire to head off sectarian violence — Toronto People's Choice winner.زخرف العالم
2019 عیسوی · 1440 ھ†Michael Schwarz's PBS documentary based on Maria Rosa Menocal's book on eight centuries of convivencia in medieval al-Andalus.
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔