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تقریباً 2000 قبل مسیحIbrahim leaves his wife Hajar and the infant Ismail in a barren valley by the future site of the House, entrusting them to God; when the water runs out the spring of Zamzam breaks forth, and the Yemeni tribe of Jurhum settles by them with Hajar’s permission.اقتسام مناصب مكة بين بني عبد مناف وبني عبد الدار
تقریباً 400 (تقریباً) عیسویAfter Abd Manaf's death his sons contested with their cousins of Abd al-Dar the offices Qusayy had bequeathed to Abd al-Dar; Quraysh split in two and nearly fought, then settled: the watering and feeding of pilgrims to Abd Manaf, Dar al-Nadwa, the banner and the custody of the Kaaba to Abd al-Dar; the Abd Manaf lot fell to Hashim, then al-Muttalib, then Abd al-Muttalib and his sons down to al-Abbas at the coming of Islam.استرداد عبد المطلب أركاحه (ساحاته)
تقریباً 520 عیسویNawfal’s seizure of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib’s offices; Quraysh declined to arbitrate, his Najjārī uncles marched in eighty riders, and Khuzāʿa entered the pact on Banū Hāshim’s side.وفاة عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بالمدينة
تقریباً 570 عیسویAbd al-Muttalib sent his son Abdullah to Medina to buy dates, or by another report he fell ill there returning from trade in Syria; he died aged twenty-five and was buried in the house of al-Nabigha al-Jadi, before his son's birth according to most historians or two months after it by one report, leaving five camels, a flock of sheep and an Abyssinian girl, Umm Ayman.وفاة عبد المطلب وكفالة أبي طالب
تقریباً 578 عیسویAbd al-Muttalib died at Mecca when his grandson Muhammad was eight years, two months and ten days old, having shown him a tenderness he showed none of his sons; before dying he entrusted the boy to his uncle Abu Talib, full brother of his father, who took up the charge and protected him for over forty years.زواج النبي من خديجة
تقریباً 595 عیسویThe marriage of Muhammad and Khadija bint Khuwaylid, arranged after her trade trip under his management to Syria; the book gives her dowry as twenty young camels and her age as forty, and notes she remained his only wife until she died.زواج النبي من سودة بنت زمعة
تقریباً 619 عیسویThe marriage of Prophet Muhammad to Sawda bint Zam'a in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood, his first marriage after the death of Khadija.زواج فاطمة وعلي
تقریباً 624 عیسوی · 2 ھThe Prophet's daughter Fatima married his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib in Medina, from which the Prophet's line of descendants continued.سرية زيد بن حارثة إلى مدين وقصة السبي
تقریباً 628 عیسوی · تقریباً 6 ھIbn Hisham tells it from Abdullah ibn Hasan ibn Hasan from his mother Fatima bint al-Husayn: the Prophet sent Zayd ibn Haritha towards Madyan with Dumayra, the client of Ali ibn Abi Talib, and a brother of his; he took captives from the people of Mina', the coasts, who were sold and separated; the Prophet came out as they wept, asked what ailed them, was told they had been separated, and said: sell them only together. Ibn Hisham: he meant mothers and children.غزوة ابن أبي حدرد الغابة ومقتل رفاعة بن قيس الجشمي
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 8 ھThe Prophet sent Abdullah ibn Abi Hadrad with two men to Rifa'a ibn Qays al-Jushami, who had camped at al-Ghaba with a large clan of Jusham meaning to gather Qays against the Prophet, to bring back news of him; they lay in ambush, Rifa'a went out alone after his shepherd and Ibn Abi Hadrad shot him through the heart and cut off his head; they shouted the takbir, the camp fled, and they drove off camels and sheep. The Prophet gave Ibn Abi Hadrad thirteen camels towards his dowry of two hundred dirhams.اعتزال النبي أزواجه
تقریباً 629 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھThe Prophet withdrew from his wives to an upper chamber for a month in the incident known as the ila'. Umar climbed to find him on a mat with nothing between it and his skin, a leather pillow stuffed with palm-fibre under his head; the mat had marked his side, and when Umar wept comparing him to the emperors he answered 'are you not content that they have this world and we have the next?'; Ibn Abbas reports Umar naming Aisha and Hafsa as the two wives.وفاة أم كلثوم بنت النبي
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھIn 9 AH Umm Kulthum, the Prophet's daughter and wife of Uthman ibn Affan, died; the Prophet grieved her deeply and told Uthman, 'Had I had a third daughter I would have given her to you in marriage' — whence Uthman was called Dhu al-Nurayn, the possessor of the two lights.قدوم الأشعث بن قيس في وفد كندة
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · تقریباً 9 ھAl-Ash'ath ibn Qays came with Kinda's delegation, eighty riders according to al-Zuhri, who entered the mosque with combed locks and kohl, wearing Hira robes edged with silk; the Prophet asked whether they had not become Muslims, and what the silk on their necks was, and they tore it off. Al-Ash'ath said, we are Banu Akil al-Murar and you are Ibn Akil al-Murar; the Prophet laughed, attributed that lineage-claim to al-Abbas and Rabi'a ibn al-Harith who used it for prestige as merchants, and said: no, we are Banu al-Nadr ibn Kinana, we do not trace ourselves through our mother nor disown our father.اللعان بين عويمر العجلاني وامرأته
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھAfter the return from Tabuk in 9 AH, Uwaymir al-Ajlani accused his wife before the Prophet; the Prophet administered between them the mutual oath of condemnation (li'an) prescribed in Surat al-Nur, then separated them — an early application of the li'an ruling.وفاة إبراهيم
تقریباً 27 جنوری 632 عیسوی · تقریباً 28 شوال 10 ھIbrahim, the Prophet's son by Maria the Copt, died an infant in Medina on 28 or 29 Shawwal 10 AH (January 632 CE); the Prophet wept and said: the eye weeps and the heart grieves, and we say only what pleases our Lord.لدُّ النبي في مرضه
تقریباً مئی 632 عیسوی · تقریباً صفر 11 ھDuring the Prophet's illness, a group of his wives and some Muslim women, among them Asma' bint Umays, gathered with al-Abbas present and agreed to dose him; al-Abbas said 'I will dose him'; they did; when he came round he asked who had done it, was told it was his uncle, and said this was a medicine brought by women from the direction of Abyssinia; his uncle said they feared pleurisy; he said that was a disease God would not bring on him, and that everyone in the house should be dosed except his uncle, so Maymuna, who was fasting, was dosed as a punishment for what they had done.زواج النبي بزينب بنت جحش
تقریباً ذوالقعدہ 5 ھThe Prophet married Zaynab bint Jahsh after Zayd ibn Haritha divorced her, in Dhu al-Qa'da 5 AH, abolishing by act the jahili adoption rule that had treated an adopted son's wife as a real son's wife; verses of sura al-Ahzab were revealed about it and the hypocrites spread propaganda around it.تخيير أمهات المؤمنين
تقریباً 9 ھWhen the Prophet's wives asked for a better standard of living amid the austerity of his household, the verse of choice was revealed (al-Ahzab 28-29): if you desire the life of this world and its adornment, come, I will provide for you and release you graciously; but if you desire Allah and His Messenger and the abode of the Hereafter, Allah has prepared a great reward for the doers of good among you. All of them chose Allah and His Messenger.
شخصیت
عبد المطلب بن هاشم
تقریباً 497 عیسویThe Prophet Muhammad's grandfather and guardian, a leading elder of Quraysh remembered in tradition for restoring the well of Zamzam and leading Mecca at the time of Abraha's campaign.المطلب بن عبد مناف
Hāshim’s brother, heir to the siqāya and rifāda; fetched his nephew Shayba from Yathrib — the boy dubbed ‘ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib’, the name that stuck.أبو طالب بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 535 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who raised him, led Banu Hashim, and protected him from Quraysh until his own death — while whether he himself embraced Islam is contested between the traditions.حليمة السعدية
تقریباً 540 (تقریباً) عیسویA Bedouin woman of Banu Sa'd who nursed the infant Muhammad in the desert for several years, as was the Meccan custom, and is remembered in tradition as his foster-mother.عبد الله بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 545 عیسویThe Prophet's father; the handsomest, most chaste and best-loved of Abd al-Muttalib's sons, the 'sacrifice' on whom the lots fell and who was ransomed with a hundred camels; he married Amina bint Wahb and died at Medina aged twenty-five, before his son's birth according to most historians or two months after it by one report.خديجة بنت خويلد
تقریباً 555 عیسویA wealthy Meccan merchant who was the Prophet Muhammad's first wife and, in tradition, the first person to believe in his message.أبو لهب
تقریباً 560 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet who became one of his most vocal opponents in Mecca, alongside his wife Umm Jamil — the household singled out in Qur'an 111.العباس بن عبد المطلب
تقریباً 568 عیسویAn uncle of the Prophet, captured with the Meccan side at Badr and later a Muslim, whose descendants founded the Abbasid caliphate.آمنة بنت وهب
The Prophet's mother, of the Zuhra clan; she took her six-year-old son to Yathrib to visit his father's grave, fell ill on the road home, and died at al-Abwa between Mecca and Medina.زيد بن حارثة
تقریباً 580 (تقریباً) عیسویA freedman of the Prophet, once adopted by him, who became one of the earliest Muslims and commanded the expedition to Mu'ta, where he was killed; the only Companion named in the Qur'an.فاطمة بنت محمد
تقریباً 605 عیسویThe youngest daughter of the Prophet and Khadija and wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib; mother of Hasan and Husayn and a central figure of Ahl al-Bayt in both Sunni and Shia tradition.إبراهيم بن محمد
The Prophet's son by Maria the Copt; he died an infant in Medina in Shawwal 10 AH (January 632 CE).سودة بنت زمعة
Mother of the Believers; among the early converts who migrated to Abyssinia, and the first woman the Prophet married after the death of Khadija, in Shawwal of the tenth year of prophethood.عبد مناف بن قصي
Son of Qusayy who had already risen to leadership in his father’s lifetime; after his death his sons contested the offices with the sons of Abd al-Dar, and the siqaya and rifada fell to his line — inherited by Hashim, then al-Muttalib, then Abd al-Muttalib.عبد الله بن محمد
The Prophet's son by Khadija, called al-Tayyib and al-Tahir; he died young in Mecca.أبو العاص بن الربيع
A son of Hala bint Khuwaylid, Khadija's sister, nicknamed 'the cub of al-Batha' and called 'the trustworthy'; husband of the Prophet's eldest daughter Zaynab, he fought at Badr with the polytheists and was captured, Zaynab ransomed him, then he embraced Islam after the Hijra and the Prophet returned his daughter to him; the reports differ on how he was captured the second time and became Muslim.أبو غبشان الخزاعي
The Khuzaʾi who held the guardianship of the Kaaba on behalf of Hubba bint Hulayl and sold it to Qusayy for a skin of wine — the purchase Khuzaʾa resented, sparking the war that ended their rule of Mecca.أبو سعد بن عدي النجاري
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib’s maternal uncle of Banū al-Najjār; rode to Mecca with eighty men and drew his sword at the Ḥujr until Nawfal restored his nephew’s rights.أبو سفيان بن الحارث
The Prophet's paternal cousin and milk-brother, fostered with him in Banu Sa'd under Halima's care; he later became one of the poets of Islam after initially opposing it.عدنان
The ancestor at whom the Prophet’s lineage is said to stop: twenty-first in the chain of the prophetic genealogy in Raheeq’s reckoning, descendant of Qaydar ibn Ismail; when the Prophet reached Adnan in tracing his lineage he would stop and say the genealogists lie.الفضل بن العباس
Son of al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib; rode behind the Prophet from Arafat to Muzdalifa in the Farewell Pilgrimage, walked beside him in the last illness, and helped turn and wash his body before burial.الغيداق بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; some say Hajl and al-Ghaydaq are one man.الحارث بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 of the book gives only his name.الجونية
A woman of Kinda contracted to the Prophet but the marriage was not consummated; the sira literature disagrees on her name and the details, and al-Raheeq records only her well-known byname.المقوّم بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; some say Abd al-Kaaba and al-Muqawwim are one man.القاسم بن محمد
The Prophet's eldest son by Khadija, from whom his kunya Abu al-Qasim derives; he died young in Mecca.الشيماء بنت الحارث السعدية
A woman of Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr of Hawazin and foster-sister of the Prophet through nursing; taken among the Hunayn captives, she made herself known to him, he recognized her by a mark and honored her, spread his cloak for her to sit upon, then manumitted her and returned her to her people.الزبير بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 gives only his name, and the book returns to him at the Fudul pact.عاتكة بنت مرة السلمية
Hashim ibn Abd Manaf's mother: Atika bint Murra of Banu Sulaym — one of the three Sulami 'Atikas among the Prophet's grandmothers.عاتكة بنت يخلد القرشية
Atika bint Yakhluḍ ibn al-Nadr ibn Kinana — the senior Qurashi 'Atika in the chain of the Prophet's ancestresses.برّة بنت عبد المطلب
One of the six daughters of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count; an aunt of the Prophet.برة بنت عبد العزى القرشية
Amina's mother — the Prophet's maternal grandmother: Barra bint Abd al-Uzza ibn Abd al-Dar ibn Qusayy, a Qurayshite.ضرار بن عبد المطلب
One of the ten sons of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, and an uncle of the Prophet; chapter 5 gives only his name.فاطمة بنت عمرو المخزومية
Mother of Abdullah, the Prophet's father, and so his paternal grandmother; of Banu Makhzum, daughter of Amr ibn Aidh ibn Imran ibn Makhzum ibn Yaqaza ibn Murra, which made Abdullah's maternal uncles the Makhzumis who prevented his sacrifice; al-Baladhuri names her mother as Fatima bint Abdullah ibn Rizam of Hawazin.فاطمة بنت سعد الأزدية
Mother of Qusayy ibn Kilab: Fatima bint Sa'd b. Sayl of the Azd Shanu'a, her mother a Khuza'i — one of the Yamani Fawatim in the Prophet's reported words 'I am the son of the Fatimas and the Atikas'.فهر بن مالك
The eponym ‘Quraysh’ to whom the tribe is traced, in the agreed first part of the Prophet’s genealogy.هاجر
Wife of Ibrahim and mother of Ismail; tradition tells she was settled by Ibrahim with her infant son in the empty valley of Mecca, where the spring of Zamzam broke forth for them, and Jurhum settled nearby with her permission.هاشم بن عبد مناف
Son of Abd Manaf who drew the siqaya and rifada in the division of offices and held them all his life; eponym of Banu Hashim, the house from which the Prophet came.هند بن أبي هالة
Khadija's son by Abu Hala and the Prophet's stepson; he transmitted the most famous description of the Prophet's bearing and assembly, preserved in the Shamail.هليل بن حبشية
The Khuzaʾi ruler of Mecca who gave his daughter Hubba in marriage to Qusayy ibn Kilab; on his death the contest between Quraysh and Khuzaʾa over the custody of the Kaaba began.إبراهيم
The patriarch of the Adnani Arabs in the sira’s telling: emigrant from Ur of the Chaldeans to Harran and then Palestine, who settled Hajar and the infant Ismail in the barren valley of Mecca, visited them on recorded journeys, submitted to the command of the sacrifice, and raised the foundations of the Kaaba with his son before calling mankind to the hajj.عمران بن عمرو مزيقياء
Chief and elder of al-Azd on whose counsel the tribe left Yemen in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account; they wandered in Yemen sending scouts, then moved north, and he and his sons settled Oman as the Azd of Oman.إسماعيل
Son of Ibrahim and Hajar, settled as an infant with his mother at Mecca where Zamzam sprang; he married into Jurhum, fathered twelve sons whose tribes spread from Mecca, and built the Kaaba with his father; the Adnani Arabs trace their lineages to him.جفنة بن عمرو
The Azdi who went to al-Sham in the Azd migration and settled there with his sons; the forefather of the Ghassanid kings, named after a water in the Hijaz called Ghassan where they had first halted, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.جويرية بنت الحارث
A Mother of the Believers, daughter of the chief of Banu al-Mustaliq; she fell among the captives at al-Muraysi' and arranged her own manumission, the Prophet paid it and married her, and people released the Mustaliq captives they held, so that a hundred households were freed through her.مضاض بن عمرو الجرهمي
Chief of Jurhum in the story of Ismail; he gave Ismail his daughter after Ismail divorced his first wife, and she bore twelve sons; after Nabit and Qaydar the leadership of Mecca passed to him and stayed with Jurhum for about twenty centuries. Not to be confused with Amr ibn al-Harith ibn Mudad who buried the Kaaba's gazelles when Jurhum left.نابت بن إسماعيل
In al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account the eldest of Ismail's sons by the daughter of Mudad al-Jurhumi; ancestor of the Nabataeans of northern Hijaz with Petra as their capital; said to have held Mecca after his father with his brother Qaydar, in disputed order; Sulayman al-Nadwi argued that the Ghassanids and the Ansar descend from him rather than from Qahtan.نفيسة بنت منية
Khadija's confidante to whom she disclosed her wish to marry Muhammad; Nafisa broached the matter with him, he consented, and the match proceeded through their uncles.نوفل بن عبد مناف
ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib’s uncle who seized his offices after al-Muṭṭalib’s death, forced to restore them under pressure of the Najjār and the new pact.قيدار بن إسماعيل
Ismail's second son in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's list; his descendants remained in Mecca until Adnan and his son Ma'add, from whom the Adnani Arabs kept their genealogy; said to have held Mecca after his father with his brother Nabit, in disputed order.قصي بن كلاب
The Qahtani-raised Qurashi who returned to Mecca, married Hulayl’s daughter Hubba, took the custody of the Kaaba from Khuzaʾa around 440 CE after the arbitration of Yaʾmar ibn Awf, gathered Quraysh into the town’s quarters, founded Dar al-Nadwa, and held the five offices: riyasa, liwa, hijaba, siqaya and rifada.رَطية بنت كعب
Ratiya bint Ka'b of Quraysh, an ancestress through Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza; tradition identifies her as the woman meant by 'she who undid her spun yarn strand by strand'.سلمى بنت عمرو
A woman of Banū ʿAdī ibn al-Najjār of Yathrib; Hāshim’s wife and ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib’s mother, who raised the boy at Yathrib.سارة
Ibrahim's wife; Pharaoh plotted against her and God turned his plot back, and recognising her closeness to God he gave her Hajar as a servant, whom Sarah gave to Ibrahim in marriage; after Ismail's birth her jealousy led Ibrahim to take Hajar and the child to the Hijaz, in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account after al-Bukhari and Rahma lil-Alamin.ثعلبة بن عمرو الأزدي
The Azdi who turned toward the Hijaz in the Azd migration, lived between al-Tha'labiyya and Dhu Qar, then settled Medina when his sons grew; the Aws and the Khazraj, sons of Haritha ibn Tha'laba, descend from him in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's account.ثويبة
The freedwoman of Abu Lahab who first suckled the Prophet after his mother, with the milk of her son Masruh; she had nursed Hamza before him and Abu Salama after him.أم حبيب بنت أسد
Umm Habib bint Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusayy — a Qurashi ancestress of Amina through Barra.أم حكيم البيضاء بنت عبد المطلب
One of the six daughters of Abd al-Muttalib in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's count, known as al-Bayda; an aunt of the Prophet.عُوَيْمِر العجلاني
A companion of Banu Ujlan of the Ansar who accused his wife before the Prophet after the return from Tabuk; the Prophet administered the mutual oath of condemnation (li'an) between them and separated them.وهب بن عبد مناف بن زهرة
Chief of Banu Zuhra by lineage and standing; father of Amina and thus the Prophet's maternal grandfather; Abd al-Muttalib chose his daughter for his son Abdullah.يعمر بن عوف (الشدّاخ)
The Bakr ibn Abd Manaf arbiter who judged between Qusayy and Khuzaʾa that Qusayy was worthier of the Kaaba and Mecca, laying the blood Qusayy had spilled beneath his feet, i.e. waived, while awarding blood-money for Khuzaʾa’s dead; from that ruling he was called al-Shaddakh.زهير بن أبي أمية
A Makhzumi notable whose mother was Atika bint Abd al-Muttalib; the first among the five Meccan leaders to publicly challenge and break the boycott charter in the Haram.
عمارت
تصنیف
تصور
موقع العرب وأقوامها قبل الإسلام
The opening chapter of al-Raheeq al-Makhtum: the word 'Arab', the peninsula's borders, size and position between the continents, the historians' threefold division (extinct, original and Arabized Arabs), the Kahlani migrations from Yemen, the Adnani descent from Ismail, and the tribes' distribution across Arabia.تسمية العرب لأبنائهم على أسماء النبات
Al-Hamdani observes that the Arabs inclined to name their men after thorny grazing shrubs — for the hardness, sharpness and drought-endurance in them: Talha, Samura, Awsaja, 'Urfuta, Qanada, 'Isiya, Sabra — and their women after the soft plants and fruits: Ghilqa, Bashama, Busra, Sahamma.آداب المجتمع الجديد في المدينة
The manners the Prophet taught his companions in Medina: spreading the greeting of peace, feeding people, keeping kinship ties, good neighbourliness, mutual compassion, charity to the weak and clearing the road of harm, as al-Raheeq al-Makhtum reports them from the sound hadiths.الاسترضاع في البادية
The custom of the settled Arabs of seeking wet-nurses in the desert for their children, to keep them from the diseases of the towns, strengthen their bodies and nerves, and let them master pure Arabic from the cradle; by it the Prophet was nursed among Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr by Halima.أشكال الزواج الأربعة
Four pagan marriage forms — common, istibda‘ (lending a wife for a better lineage), communal paternity assignment, and wife-swapping (al-badal) — Islam abolished all but the first.النسب النبوي وأجزاؤه الثلاثة
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum divides the Prophet's lineage into three parts: one agreed on by the sira and genealogy scholars, up to Adnan; one disputed, between those who suspend judgement and those who affirm it, from Adnan up to Ibrahim; and one that certainly contains unsound matter, from Ibrahim up to Adam.الحالة السياسية في العرب قبل الإسلام
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's picture of rule in Arabia at the rise of Islam: crowned but dependent kings in Yemen, al-Hira and al-Sham, and independent tribal chiefs in the interior with a king's authority; the tribe as a miniature government founded on asabiyya, its chief entitled to the quarter, the choice share, the roadside booty and the remainder; the frontier regions in decay between masters and slaves, the inland tribes fragmented with no king, and the religious government of the Hijaz respected but weak.الحالة الاجتماعية في العرب قبل الإسلام
al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's picture of Jahili society: the high standing of women among the nobility and the mixing of the other classes, the four Jahili forms of marriage in Aisha's report, unlimited polygamy, marrying two sisters and a father's widow, divorce in men's hands, widespread fornication, treatment of children from tenderness to burial alive, tribal asabiyya and the maxim 'help your brother, wronging or wronged', the disjointed relations between tribes, and the sacred months as their mercy; the author judges the social condition to have been at its lowest.الوأد
Waʾd: burying infant girls alive out of fear of poverty or disgrace — Islam abolished it and classed it among the gravest sins.
گروہ
عدنان (العرب المستعربة)
The lineage called the Arabized Arabs: tracing to Ismail ibn Ibrahim, also called Adnani; from it come Rabiʾa and Mudar, and through them Quraysh and the tribes of the Hijaz and Najd.أهل البيت
'The People of the House' — the Prophet's household: the family around whom the deepest loyalties and the deepest split in Islamic history would form.العرب البائدة
The first of the historians’ three divisions of the Arabs: the ancient peoples of whom little survives, such as Ad, Thamud, Tasm, Jadis and the Amaliq.الأزد
A Kahlani Qahtani tribe that migrated from Yemen under Imran ibn Amr Muzayqiya; its branches dispersed to Yathrib (the Aws and Khazraj through Thaʾlaba), Mecca (Khuzaʾa), Oman, and al-Sham (Jafna, ancestor of the Ghassanids).بكر بن وائل
A Rabi'a tribe of Adnan, one of Wa'il's two sons with Taghlib; branches settled Bahrayn and the rest stretched from al-Yamama to Bahrayn, Kazima, the edge of the Iraqi sawad, al-Ubulla and Hit; Banu Shayban of Dhu Qar and Banu Hanifa of al-Yamama belong to it, and its wars with Taghlib are the textbook case of kin rivalry.بنو النجار
A clan of the Khazraj at Yathrib, the maternal kin of Abd al-Muttalib: Salma bint Amr of Banu Adi ibn al-Najjar was Hashim's wife and Abd al-Muttalib grew up in her father's house; when Nawfal seized his property he appealed to them and his uncle Abu Sa'd ibn Adi came with eighty riders until his right was restored, prompting Khuza'a to claim an equal kinship.بنو همدان
The great Kahlani tribe of Yemen whose rivalry with Himyar the Abyssinians exploited for their first occupation of Yemen in 340 CE.بنو هاشم
The Prophet's own clan within Quraysh — divided over his mission yet bound to him by blood, sheltering him through the boycott whether they believed or not.لخم (المناذرة)
The Kahlani tribe whose Nasr ibn Rabiʾa founded the line of al-Hira’s kings — the Manadhira — ruling as Persia’s Arab wardens from Amr ibn Adi to the last al-Mundhir in 632.بنو شيبان بن بكر بن وائل
The Bakrite clan of Hani ibn Masʾud which defeated the Sasanian host at Dhu Qar — the first day the Arabs routed the Persians.الضجاعمة (بنو سليح)
Banu Dajam ibn Salih ibn Hulwan of Quda'a, who settled the Syrian marches in the age of migrations and were set up by the Romans as kings to hold back the desert Arabs and serve against Persia; Ziyad ibn al-Habula was their most famous king, their era runs from the early second century CE to about its end, and the Ghassanids displaced them.غطفان
A Mudari tribe of Qays Aylan ibn Mudar, parent of Abs, Dhubyan, Ashja and Ghani ibn A'sur; Dhubyan dwelt near Tayma up to Hawran, and the wars of Abs and Dhubyan are cited as an example of rivalry between tribes of one father.حمير
The most famous Qahtani stock with Kahlan; it took over the kingdom of Saba around 115 BCE, made Zafar its capital, and produced Yemen’s later kings such as Dhu Nuwas and the house of Dhu Yazan.جذام
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan, paired with Lakhm in al-Raheeq al-Makhtum's second group of Kahlani emigrants and placed by the sources on the Syrian marches; Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami was of it.جرهم
A Yemeni Qahtani tribe that settled at Mecca in Ismail’s time and intermarried with him; it held authority over Mecca for nearly twenty centuries until Khuzaʾa expelled it in the mid-second century CE, whereupon it buried Zamzam and departed for Yemen.كهلان
One of the great Qahtani stocks; its branches left Yemen around the time of the Arim flood, among them al-Azd, Lakhm, Judham, Tayy, Kinda, Hamdan, and the ancestors of the Aws, Khazraj, Khuzaʾa and the Ghassanid house of Jafna.كندة
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that settled Bahrayn, then Hadramawt, then Najd, where it formed a considerable kingdom that soon vanished; its al-Harith ibn Amr ibn Hujr was installed at al-Hira by Qubadh after al-Mundhir's dismissal.أمهات المؤمنين
The Qur'anic title of the Prophet's wives ('his wives are their mothers', al-Ahzab 6): he contracted thirteen women, consummated marriage with eleven and died leaving nine; they played a great role in transmitting his domestic life and the rulings of the sharia to the women of the umma.قحطان (العرب العاربة)
The lineage called the Original Arabs: descendants of Yaʾrub ibn Yashjub ibn Qahtan, based in Yemen, whose best-known branches are Himyar and Kahlan.قضاعة
A great tribe of Himyarite affiliation (debated); it left Yemen for the Samawa steppe on Iraq’s edge, moved on to al-Sham under Ardashir’s pressure, and produced the Salihids — the Dajaʾima — Rome’s first Arab client kings.طيء
A Kahlani tribe of Qahtan that moved north after al-Azd and settled the two mountains Aja and Salma, which became known as the mountains of Tayy; parts of it adopted Christianity, and its Iyas ibn Qabisa governed al-Hira for Khosrow.
المرض الكبير
2017 عیسوی · 1438 ھ†Kumail Nanjiani's Oscar-nominated romantic comedy about his real-life courtship with Emily Gordon amid a Pakistani-American family's arranged-marriage expectations.الرحلة الكبرى
2004 عیسوی · 1425 ھ†Ismaël Ferroukhi's film about a Moroccan father who makes his French son drive him from France to Mecca for the hajj — the classic fictional hajj road movie.التغريبة الفلسطينية
Hatem Ali's landmark series following a Palestinian family through the Nakba from village to refugee camp — the canonical drama of Palestinian memory.ألف
The Pakistani series pairing a famous filmmaker with a young Qur'an memoriser — contemporary Pakistani TV's most-discussed treatment of art, faith and the soul.بنات ألفة
2023 عیسوی · 1444 ھ†Kaouther Ben Hania's docudrama on Tunisian mother Olfa Hamrouni, whose two daughters left to join ISIS in Libya — Oscar-nominated for best documentary.آيات الحب
2008 عیسوی · 1429 ھ†The Indonesian phenomenon based on Habiburrahman El-Shirazy's novel about a pious Indonesian student at al-Azhar and his loves — it remade Indonesian cinema toward religious romance.بركة يقابل بركة
2016 عیسوی · 1437 ھ†Mahmoud Sabbagh's debut — Saudi Arabia's first romantic comedy — about a municipal worker and a social-media celebrity in Jeddah; a gentle push at social boundaries.بريك لين
2007 عیسوی · 1428 ھ†Sarah Gavron's adaptation of Monica Ali's novel about a Bangladeshi Muslim wife in London's Brick Lane torn between duty and desire; filming drew community objections.الريح الحارة
1973 عیسوی · 1393 ھ†M.S. Sathyu's Indian classic on a Muslim shoe merchant in Agra who refuses to leave for Pakistan after Partition — the defining screen work on Muslims and Partition.حين يسبّح الحب
2009 عیسوی · 1430 ھ†The Indonesian adaptation of Habiburrahman El-Shirazy's novel about an al-Azhar student balancing study, love and livelihood in Cairo — a major Indonesian religious hit.انفصال
2011 عیسوی · 1432 ھ†Asghar Farhadi's Oscar-winning film about a Tehran divorce entangled with a religious-legal dispute — Qur'anic oaths and piety at the centre of the moral dilemma.جويلاند
2022 عیسوی · 1443 ھ†Saim Sadiq's Cannes-winning film about a Lahore family shaken when the son joins a dance theatre — briefly banned in Pakistan, then released amid religious debate.الله والمحبة
A Pakistani series about a young man whose love for a religious girl transforms his life; revived with later seasons that broke Pakistani viewership records.في سبيل الله
2007 عیسوی · 1428 ھ†Shoaib Mansoor's Pakistani film about two musician brothers pulled apart by militancy and moderation after 9/11 — a major national debate on religion, music and forced marriage.ليس بدون ابنتي
1991 عیسوی · 1411 ھ†The film of Betty Mahmoody's memoir — an American mother escaping Iran with her daughter; the most-watched US film about Iran and long debated for its portrayal of Muslim Iranians.مو
Mo Amer's Netflix series about a Palestinian Muslim refugee in Houston navigating asylum, family and faith — one of the first US series centred on a Palestinian Muslim lead.نكاح
1982 عیسوی · 1402 ھ†B.R. Chopra's Hindi film about a wife divorced by triple talaq in a moment of anger — it sparked a national debate in India on Islamic divorce.نوسا
The Indonesian animated children's series about Nussa and his sister Rarra learning Islamic values — the most-watched Islamic children's animation worldwide on YouTube.نوسا: الفيلم
2021 عیسوی · 1442 ھ†Visinema's theatrical film spun off from the Nussa series — the boy competes in a science fair while the family faces life after the father's passing.طالبي الله
Indonesia's long-running Ramadan series about a village mosque community navigating everyday crises and repentance.رامي
Ramy Youssef's Hulu comedy-drama about an Egyptian-American torn between faith and appetite in New Jersey — the first major US series led by a Muslim character; Golden Globe winner.رقص بسم الله
A Pakistani series about a religious family's son whose forbidden love teaches him the difference between inherited piety and true devotion — a modern hit.شهر ذات
A Pakistani drama about an elite young woman whose unrequited love becomes a search for God — a landmark spiritual drama.عمر وهنا
Durioo+'s Malaysian animated series about siblings Omar and Hana — one of the most successful Muslim children's channels on YouTube, with billions of views and ten-language dubs.وارث
The classic 1979 PTV serial on feudal power and inheritance in rural Punjab — one of Pakistan's most-watched dramas.وين رايحين
2011 عیسوی · 1432 ھ†Nadine Labaki's film about a Lebanese village where Muslims and Christians coexist, whose women conspire to head off sectarian violence — Toronto People's Choice winner.
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔