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الوليد بن المغيرة
تقریباً 550 عیسویThe grand old man of Banu Makhzum — arbiter of Quraysh's elders, father of Khalid, and the man whose poetic verdicts shaped how Mecca first named the Prophet's recitation.النضر بن الحارث
تقریباً 575 عیسویA Qurashi who had traveled to al-Hira and returned with Persian tales of kings and heroes, offering them against the Prophet's recitation — captured at Badr and executed on the march home.كعب بن الأشرف
تقریباً 585 عیسویA poet of Banu Nadir — Jewish on his father's side, Arab on his mother's — whose verses mourned the Meccan dead of Badr and satirized the Muslims and their women; assassinated with the Prophet's sanction in the first political killing of the Medinan period.أبو عفك
An old man of Banu Amr ibn Awf, then of Banu Ubayda, of al-Aws; Ibn Ishaq says his hypocrisy became open when al-Harith ibn Suwayd ibn al-Samit was killed, and he composed verses reviling a rider who had split the unity of the sons of Qayla; the Prophet said 'who will deal with this wretch for me?' and Salim ibn Umayr killed him; Umama al-Muzayriyya's verses allude to his great age.عصماء بنت مروان
A woman of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd married to Yazid ibn Zayd of Banu Khatma, with five grown sons; Ibn Ishaq says she showed hypocrisy after Abu Afak's killing and composed verses reviling Islam and its people and inciting against the Prophet, which Hassan answered; Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi killed her at night in her house after the Prophet said 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?'عبد الله بن رواحة
Companion from the Ansar and poet of early Islam; appointed third commander of the Mu'tah expedition. After both of his comrades Zayd and Ja'far were killed he hesitated briefly then charged and was martyred. The Prophet announced his death while still in Medina, reporting in a vision that his throne was slightly tilted beside his companions' because of his hesitation before pressing on.دريد بن الصمة
A legendary pre-Islamic knight, tribal champion and poet of Banu Jusham (Hawazin); an old, blind veteran carried in a litter at Hunayn, he vehemently criticized Malik ibn Awf's strategy of bringing women and herds into battle, and was slain at Awtas.الحطيئة جرول
A poet of the Abs tribe, known for satire and panegyric, who lived into the Islamic period.يزيد بن ربيعة بن مفرغ
A poet of the Himyar tribe, whose poetry belongs to the Umayyad period. The sources differ on his father's name.الشمردل بن شريك
A poet of the Yarbu' clan, associated with the Kharijites and the poetry of heroic valour.خداش بن بشر
A poet of the Mujashi' branch of Tamim, with the kunyas Abu Malik and Abu Yazid. His son Malik was also a poet.الجاحظ
تقریباً 767 عیسوی · 150 ھThe man of letters — his 'Imamat wuld al-'Abbas argues the Rawandiyya case through the Fadak affair, composed in sport and display rather than conviction, beside his 'Uthmaniyya.الحسين بن الضحاك الخليع
تقریباً 773 عیسوی · تقریباً 156 ھ†A poet born and raised in Basra, of Khurasani origin, known as al-Khali' al-Ashqar.العباس بن الأحنف
An Abbasid poet raised in Baghdad, with family in Basra. He was linked by nisba to the Banu Hanifa.ابن حمدون محمد بن الحسين
From a Baghdad literary family that was active in the third century AH and produced several notable writers.قدامة بن جعفر
888 عیسوی · 275 ھWriter and literary critic whose grandfather, a Christian, converted to Islam; his father was a scribe; died 337 AH (948 CE).علي بن محمد التنوخي
891 عیسوی · 278 ھFrom the Tanukh tribe and father of Abu Ali al-Muhassin al-Tanukhi. His father's name was Dawud ibn Ibrahim ibn Tamim.أبو الفرج المخزومي
927 عیسوی · 315 ھA poet, prose writer and man of letters born in Nasibin. Little is known of his upbringing.أبو علي المحسن التنوخي
938 عیسوی · 327 ھA judge and man of letters from the Tanukh tribe, who compiled reports on judges and on those who did good.الخراشي إخباري سامرائي
An Iraqi from Samarra, a historian of reports, who collected anecdotes and rarities and was original in his writings.الجهشياري أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبدوس
Man of letters of Kufan origin, who played a political role in the early fourth century AH through his ties with the viziers of his time; died 331 AH (942 CE).الإفليلي إبراهيم بن محمد
963 عیسوی · 352 ھA vizier and an authority on language and literature in al-Andalus, from Cordoba. His nisba refers to a village in Syria where his ancestors are said to have lived.التنوخي القاضي أبو القاسم علي بن المحسن
975 عیسوی · 365 ھJudge Abu al-Qasim Ali ibn al-Muhsin al-Tanukhi, companion and pupil of Abu al-Ala al-Ma'arri; died 474 AH (1081 CE).الآمدي أبو القاسم الحسن بن بشر
A literary critic and philologist from Basra who worked as a secretary in the offices of Basra and Baghdad; author of al-Muwazana, comparing the poetry of Abu Tammam and al-Buhturi.الرافقي الحسين بن محمد
983 عیسوی · 373 ھA man of letters from al-Raqqa, with the kunya Abu Abd Allah.البصري أبو القاسم علي بن حمزة
Lexicographer, man of letters and critic of Basra who stayed for a time in Baghdad, where al-Mutanabbi lodged at his house; died 375 AH (985 CE).الجرجاني علي بن عبد العزيز
Born and raised in Jurjan, where he studied the learning of his time. He wrote on literary criticism, including al-Wasata between al-Mutanabbi and his opponents.الأعلم الشنتمري يوسف بن سليمان
1019 عیسوی · 410 ھAn Andalusian scholar from Shantamariyya al-Gharb, nicknamed al-A'lam for a wide split in his upper lip.الحصري أبو إسحاق إبراهيم بن علي
Of Qayrawan, named after the reed-mat trade or the village of al-Husr near Qayrawan; died 413 AH (1022 CE).علي بن عبد الغني الفهري
1029 عیسوی · 420 ھA blind poet and reciter, born in al-Andalus, with the kunya Abu al-Hasan.ابن خفاجة إبراهيم بن أبي الفتح
1058 عیسوی · 450 ھAn Andalusian poet from Jazirat Shuqr, known for his nature description.قوام السنة إسماعيل بن محمد
1064 عیسوی · 457 ھFrom Isfahan and descended from Talha ibn Ubayd Allah. He was learned in tafsir, hadith, jurisprudence, the readings, language and literature.الباخرزي
Poet and man of letters from Bakharz in Khurasan, trained in Shafi'i jurisprudence and author of a biographical dictionary of poets of his time.ابن خاقان الفتح بن محمد القيسي
1087 عیسوی · 480 ھA man of letters from Seville, author of Qala'id al-Iqyan and Matmah al-Anfus.ابن الخراساني أبو العز محمد بن محمد
1100 عیسوی · 494 ھGrammarian, prosodist, poet and writer; born 494 AH (1100 CE) and died 576 AH (1180 CE); sources record only some of his teachers.الأعمى التطيلي أحمد بن عبد الله
An Andalusian poet who was blind and known as al-A'ma. He is linked by nisba to Tudela and to Seville.ابن الأبرش خلف بن يوسف
An Andalusian grammarian and poet from Santarem (Shantarin), who died in Cordoba in 532 AH.ابن بقي يحيى بن أحمد
An Andalusian poet. The sources differ on the name of his father.ابن الأثير ضياء الدين
1162 عیسوی · 558 ھThe man of letters Diya' al-Din Abu al-Fath Nasr Allah ibn Muhammad al-Jazari al-Shaybani, third of the Ibn al-Athir brothers; author of 'al-Mathal al-Sa'ir fi Adab al-Katib wa-l-Sha'ir' on the craft of the pen, and served the Atabeg chanceries of Mosul.أبو عامر البلوي محمد بن أحمد
An Andalusian vizier and secretary, a man of learning and a poet.الثقفي الجياني محمد بن الحسن
1174 عیسوی · 570 ھPreacher, reader, hadith scholar and man of letters of Jaen in al-Andalus, who travelled through the southern cities; died 663 AH (1264 CE).ياقوت الحموي
1179 عیسوی · 575 ھA geographer and lexicographer, author of Mu'jam al-Buldan and Mu'jam al-Udaba'.أحمد بن يوسف التيفاشي
1184 عیسوی · 580 ھA scholar and writer of the Qays lineage, named after Tifash in the Maghrib.ابن أبي الإصبع، أبو محمد زكي الدين بن ظافر
تقریباً 1199 عیسوی · 595 ھAn Egyptian writer and man of letters, raised in the schools of Egypt under the Ayyubids and part of the Bahri Mamluk period, author of works on rhetoric and figures of speech.ابن الأبار محمد بن عبد الله
1199 عیسوی · 595 ھA historian, hadith scholar, linguist and poet from Valencia (Balansiya) in eastern al-Andalus, author of al-Takmila li-Kitab al-Silla.الجراوي أحمد بن عبد السلام
From Jarawa in the Maghrib, known for poetry and learning.ابن الأثير عماد الدين
تقریباً 1245 عیسوی · تقریباً 643 ھ†The historian Imad al-Din Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir scholarly family; author of 'al-Bahir fi Tarikh Dawlat al-Atabika bi-l-Mawsil', combining historical narrative with verse.الأدفوي جعفر بن ثعلبة
1286 عیسوی · 685 ھCombined jurisprudence with literature. From Adfu in Upper Egypt; died in 748 AH.ابن جابر الأندلسي محمد بن أحمد
1298 عیسوی · 698 ھAn Andalusian poet and scholar of Arabic from Almeria.ابن الأحمر إسماعيل بن يوسف
تقریباً 1324 عیسوی · تقریباً 724 ھ†An Andalusian man of letters and historian of the Nasrid family in Granada. After leaving Granada with his father he lived in Bougie and then Fez.أحمدي تاج الدين إبراهيم بن خضر
تقریباً 1334 عیسوی · 735 ھOne of the best-known Ottoman poets of the fourteenth century, named Ibrahim with the laqab Taj al-Din and father Khidr; died 815 AH (1412 CE).ابن الأثير نجم الدين
The chancery writer Najm al-Din Ahmad ibn Isma'il ibn Sa'id al-Jazari al-Shaybani, of the Ibn al-Athir family; known for the art of insha' (official letter-writing) and served the chanceries of his day at Mosul.ابن أرقم النميري
Andalusi scholar and poet who travelled to Ceuta and took part in the affairs of his time.عبد الرحمن الثعالبي
1385 عیسوی · 786 ھAn Algerian scholar linked to the Tha'aliba tribe, who lived on the Mitija plain.الأبشيهي أبو الفتح
1388 عیسوی · 790 ھEgyptian man of letters and author of the Mamluk period who gathered anecdotes and curiosities in his books.الجامي عبد الرحمن بن أحمد
1414 عیسوی · 817 ھA Persian poet and Sufi from Jam, named after the town. He wrote on poetry and Sufism.البلوي أحمد بن علي
1462 عیسوی · 866 ھA philologist, man of letters and poet from Wadi Ash, linked to the tribe of Bali.الأخضري عبد الرحمن بن محمد
1514 عیسوی · 920 ھA Maliki jurist and versifier from the Maghrib, known for verse treatises on law and worship that were taught in the Quranic schools.أفوقاي أحمد بن القاسم الحجري
1570 عیسوی · 977 ھAn Andalusian from the Red Stone quarter near Granada. He lived under Spanish rule and was known as al-Shihab.عبد القادر البغدادي
1621 عیسوی · 1030 ھBorn in Baghdad, he was drawn to literature and the study of Arabic from childhood. He wrote Khizanat al-Adab.الأفيوني عبد الله بن عمر
A man of letters and poet from Tripoli in Syria, where he was born and raised; he later worked in Egypt.عبد الغفار الأخرس
تقریباً 1805 عیسوی · تقریباً 1220 ھ†A poet from Mosul who moved to Baghdad and grew up there. He was called al-Akhras because of a speech impediment.عبد الهادي نجا الأبياري
1821 عیسوی · 1236 ھAn Egyptian grammarian trained at al-Azhar. He tutored the children of Khedive Isma'il and served as personal imam and mufti to Khedive Tawfiq.الأحدب إبراهيم بن علي
1826 عیسوی · 1242 ھMan of letters, poet and jurist from Tripoli in Syria, who left a large body of books and treatises.ملا حسن البزاز
1845 عیسوی · 1261 ھOne of the best-known poets of Mosul, who studied with several of its scholars.تيمور أحمد بن إسماعيل
1871 عیسوی · 1288 ھFigure of the Arab cultural renaissance in modern Egypt, from a Kurdish family settled in Egypt; born in Cairo 1288 AH (1871 CE), died 1348 AH (1930 CE).محمد عاكف إرصوي
1873 عیسوی · 1290 ھ†A Turkish poet and man of letters, born in Istanbul in 1873 and died in 1936.محمد بن عيسى آل خليفة
1876 عیسوی · 1293 ھA prince and poet of the Al Khalifa family of Bahrain.محمد الشاذلي خزندار
1881 عیسوی · 1299 ھA Tunisian poet from the suburbs of Tunis, known as al-Sha'ir.إسكندر أبكاريوس
A Lebanese man of letters, poet, journalist and historian from an Armenian family settled in Beirut; one of the figures of the Arabic literary revival in the second half of the nineteenth century.أمين الخولي
1895 عیسوی · 1313 ھBorn in Sharshay, a village in the Minufiya province of Egypt.جبريل توفيق صالح
1897 عیسوی · 1315 ھOne of the notable poets of Sudan, whose verse was tied to the political struggle; he was among the militants of the Unionist movement that led the 1924 uprising against colonial rule; died 1386 AH (1966 CE).الجندي علي السيد
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھMan of letters, poet and professor of Arabic literature, dean of Dar al-Ulum and member of the Arabic Language Academy; born 1316 AH (1898 CE), died 1393 AH (1973 CE).توفيق الحكيم
1898 عیسوی · 1316 ھAn Egyptian writer born in Alexandria in October 1898, grew up in Alexandria and Cairo, and was a pioneer of the Arabic theatre and novel.الطاهر الخميري
1899 عیسوی · 1317 ھBorn in the Bab Suwayqa quarter of the old city of Tunis in 1899.يحيى حقي
1905 عیسوی · 1323 ھAn Egyptian writer born in the Sayyida Zaynab district of Cairo in January 1905, who held a law degree.كاظم جواد العارضي
1928 عیسوی · تقریباً 1347 ھAn Iraqi poet, writer and translator, born in Nasiriyya in southern Iraq.أبان اللاحقي
A poet and man of letters from Basra who attached himself to the Barmakids and served as their poet; he versified the Kalila wa-Dimna in verse.العباس بن مرداس السلمي
A knight, poet and chieftain of Banu Sulaym; he embraced Islam prior to the conquest of Mecca after a miraculous encounter with his idol Dimar, led the Sulaym contingent at the Conquest and Hunayn, and was renowned for his stirring war poetry.عبد الله بن الزبعرى
One of the finest poets of Quraysh, harsh against the Muslims, who embraced Islam at the conquest; he fled to Najran after the fall of Mecca, verses of Hassan ibn Thabit reached him, he returned and became Muslim and composed verses of apology; al-Marzubani says the Prophet ordered him a robe when he praised him.أبو سفيان بن الحارث
The Prophet's paternal cousin and milk-brother, fostered with him in Banu Sa'd under Halima's care; he later became one of the poets of Islam after initially opposing it.الأحول أبو العباس
Poet and philologist of Basra, mentioned in the classical biographies of poets.الأحوص الأنصاري
Umayyad poet from the Ansar of Medina, known for love poetry and for his standing in Arabic letters.الأخزر بن لعط الديلي
A poet of Banu al-Dil who boasted in verse of driving Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a away from al-Watir; Budayl ibn Umm Asram answered him in a poem Ibn Hisham records under a non-Ibn-Ishaq strand.الزبرقان بن بدر
A Tamimi notable and poet of Banu Bahdala of Sa'd who came among his people's chiefs to Medina in 9 AH and declaimed a boast before the Prophet; Hassan ibn Thabit answered him, al-Aqra' conceded the Muslims' superiority, and he accepted Islam; later sources make him sadaqa collector over part of Banu Sa'd.عمرو بن الأهتم التميمي
A poet of Banu Minqar of Tamim; he came in the Tamim delegation of 9 AH as its youngest member and was left with the mounts, Qays ibn Asim belittled him before the Prophet, who gave him the same gift as the others, and he lampooned Qays in two verses; in Umar's caliphate he carried the news of the Rayshahr victory, as al-Baladhuri relates.عمرو بن سالم الخزاعي
A man of Banu Ka'b of Khuza'a who stood before the Prophet in the Medina mosque and recited his famous plea for help after the al-Watir attack — 'that which stirred the conquest of Mecca', in Ibn Ishaq's words.بديل بن ورقاء الخزاعي
A Khuza'i leader of the truce years: he sheltered the driven-in Khuza'a in his house, led their complaint delegation to Medina, met Abu Sufyan at Usfan while concealing his own visit, and scouted the Muslim army with him at Marr al-Zahran — where he slipped away to warn the Prophet. As 'Budayl ibn Umm Asram' he answered al-Akhzar's war poem.فروة بن مسيك المرادي
A chief of Murad and poet; he came to the Prophet breaking with the kings of Kinda and embraced Islam, the Prophet asked him about the Day of al-Radm on which Hamdan had crushed his people, and set him over Murad, Zubayd and all Madhhij with Khalid ibn Sa'id sent with him over the sadaqa; after the Prophet's death Amr ibn Ma'dikarib rebelled against him and satirised him. Al-Baladhuri adds that the Prophet sent him with Qays ibn al-Makshuh to Yemen against al-Aswad al-Ansi.حسان بن ثابت
The renowned 'Poet of the Prophet'; an Ansari chief of Banu al-Najjar who defended Islam and the Prophet with his eloquent poetry, endorsed by the Prophet with the supplication 'O God, support him with the Holy Spirit'; lived to over a hundred years.حماس بن قيس الديلي
A warrior of Banu Bakr who prepared weapons before the Conquest boasting he would kill Muhammad's companions; he fought at al-Khandama, broke and fled to his house, reciting famous verses to his wife.ابن أبي مقبل
Poet of the Umayyad period whose verses are preserved in the adab literature.كعب بن مالك الأنصاري
One of the three chief poets of the Prophet from the Ansar (Banu Salama of Khazraj); he witnessed the Second Pledge of al-Aqaba, fought in the early campaigns, defended the community with his eloquent verses at Hunayn, and was later one of the three whose repentance at Tabuk was accepted. وحديثه عن تخلفه عن تبوك من أطول أخبار الصحيح وأشهرها.كعب بن زهير
The famous poet, son of the poet Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulma, a known Companion; he satirised the Prophet, who declared his blood forfeit, then he embraced Islam and recited his poem 'Banat Su'ad' and was forgiven; the sources tell the story of his Islam in two versions.مالك بن النمط الهمداني ذو المشعار
The envoy of Hamdan who met the Prophet on his return from Tabuk, chanted rajaz before the company, then stood before the Prophet and said that the pick of Hamdan, settled and nomad, had come on swift camels bound to the ropes of Islam; the Prophet wrote him a letter for the district of Kharif and the people of the highland slopes and sand dunes granting them their heights and lowlands while they prayed and paid zakat, and he composed verses recalling the Messenger in the blackness of night. Later sources say the Prophet set him over the Muslims of Hamdan.قيس بن المسحّر اليعمري
A Companion and poet of Banu Ya'mar; he killed Mas'ada ibn Hakama al-Fazari in Zayd ibn Haritha's second raid on Fazara and composed verses on it, and on Zayd's order killed Umm Qirfa; he also has verses on Mu'ta excusing what happened and praising Khalid ibn al-Walid.سلمى بنت عتاب
A woman poet of Tamim who spoke two verses on the day of Uyayna ibn Hisn's raid on Banu al-Anbar, lamenting the evil that befell Adi ibn Jundab, the enemies closing in from every side and the absence of their might and fortune; nothing else of her is known from Ibn Ishaq.سويد بن صامت
A renowned poet and noble warrior of the Aws tribe in Yathrib, called 'al-Kamil' for his valor and lineage; he met the Prophet in Mecca carrying the wisdom of Luqman, listened to the Qur'an, approved of it, and was killed at the battle of Bu'ath before fully establishing his practice.تميم بن أسد الخزاعي
The Khuza'i man who escaped the al-Watir night attack when his companion Munabbih fell; the long apology poem to Budayl ibn Umm Asram is his — though Ibn Hisham notes it is also ascribed to Hubayb ibn Abdullah al-A'lam al-Hudhali.الطفيل بن عمرو الدوسي
A noble chief and renowned poet of the Daws tribe who arrived in Mecca around the eleventh year of prophethood; warned against listening to Muhammad, he stuffed his ears with cotton but upon hearing the recitation at the Kaaba embraced Islam, later calling his entire tribe to the faith.أمامة المزيرية
A woman who spoke two verses on the killing of Abu Afak, addressing him: that he gave the lie to God's religion and to the man Ahmad, and that a Muslim had granted him a thrust at the end of the night which he should take in his old age; nothing more is known of her from Ibn Ishaq.
واقعہ
مقتل كعب بن الأشرف
تقریباً ستمبر 624 عیسوی · 14 ربیع الاول 3 ھThe assassination of the Jewish poet Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf in Rabi' al-Awwal 3 AH by a band led by Muhammad ibn Maslama, after he incited Quraysh to war and satirized Muslim women.غزوة سالم بن عمير لقتل أبي عفك
تقریباً 625 عیسوی · تقریباً 3 ھIbn Ishaq relates that Abu Afak, of Banu Amr ibn Awf and then of Banu Ubayda, showed his hypocrisy openly when al-Harith ibn Suwayd ibn al-Samit was killed, and composed verses reviling a rider who had split the sons of Qayla and broken their unity; the Prophet said: who will deal with this wretch for me? and Salim ibn Umayr, one of the Weepers, went out and killed him; Umama al-Muzayriyya spoke two verses on it.غزوة عمير بن عدي الخطمي لقتل عصماء بنت مروان
تقریباً 625 عیسوی · تقریباً 3 ھIbn Ishaq relates from Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn al-Fudayl from his father that Asma' bint Marwan, of Banu Umayya ibn Zayd and married to Yazid ibn Zayd of Banu Khatma, showed hypocrisy after Abu Afak's killing and composed verses reviling Islam and its people and inciting against the Prophet, which Hassan ibn Thabit answered; when it reached the Prophet he said 'is there no one to deal with the daughter of Marwan for me?' Umayr ibn Adi al-Khatmi heard him, went to her house that night and killed her, and the Prophet told him 'you have helped God and His Messenger, Umayr', and that no two goats would butt heads over her. Ibn Ishaq says that day was the first on which Islam became strong among Banu Khatma.استغاثة خزاعة بالنبي
629 عیسوی · 8 ھAfter al-Watir, Amr ibn Salim al-Khuza'i stood before the Prophet in the Medina mosque and recited his plea invoking the pact of the fathers — 'and that was what stirred the conquest of Mecca' — then Budayl ibn Warqa' arrived with Khuza'i men reporting Quraysh's backing of Bakr.أمان كعب بن زهير وإنشاد «بانت سعاد»
تقریباً 630 عیسوی · 8 ھWarned by his brother Bujayr after the Prophet's return from al-Ta'if, the poet Ka'b ibn Zuhayr came to Medina, announced himself in the mosque, was spared despite an Ansari's request to strike his neck, and recited his apology-ode Banat Su'ad before the Prophet.قدوم وفد بني تميم ومفاخرتهم النبي
تقریباً 631 عیسوی · 9 ھUtarid ibn Hajib led the notables of Banu Tamim to the Prophet in 9 AH, with al-Aqra' ibn Habis, al-Zibriqan ibn Badr, Amr ibn al-Ahtam, al-Hutat ibn Yazid, Qays ibn Asim and others, and Uyayna ibn Hisn with them. They called him from behind his apartments, then challenged him to a boasting contest; Thabit ibn Qays answered Utarid and Hassan answered al-Zibriqan, al-Aqra' conceded that the Muslims' orator and poet were better, and they embraced Islam and were given gifts. The opening of sura al-Hujurat was revealed about them.
تصنیف
مراثي حسان بن ثابت في شهداء مؤتة
Three elegies by Hassan ibn Thabit mourning the Mu'tah commanders: the first for all three together, the second for Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and the third for Zayd and Ibn Rawaha. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within his Mu'tah account.مرثية كعب بن مالك في شهداء مؤتة
Elegy by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari praising the endurance and courage of the Mu'tah martyrs. Transmitted by Ibn Ishaq within the Mu'tah narrative.قصيدة العباس بن مرداس في يوم حنين
The ode composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas al-Sulami celebrating the steadfastness of Banu Sulaym and the Muslims' counter-rally at the Battle of Hunayn, answering Hawazin's poets.قصيدة كعب بن مالك في يوم حنين ومسير الطائف
The ode by Ka'b ibn Malik al-Ansari commemorating the victory at Hunayn and the army's advance to besiege the fortress of Ta'if.أبيات عتاب العباس بن مرداس في قسمة الجعرانة
The verses of gentle reproach composed by Abbas ibn Mirdas when granted fewer camels than Uyayna and al-Aqra', upon which the Prophet ordered his share completed to a full hundred until he was satisfied.قصيدة مالك بن عوف في مدح النبي بالجعرانة
The verses recited by Malik ibn Awf al-Nasri upon coming to the Prophet in submission at al-Ji'rana, after having his family and wealth restored and receiving one hundred camels.قصيدة حسان في تعداد أيام الأنصار مع النبي
A lam-rhymed poem listing the Ansar's battles beside the Prophet from Badr to Tabuk; Ibn Ishaq places it at the close of the Bara'a chapter, and Ibn Hisham notes it is also attributed to Hassan's son Abd al-Rahman and that its last verse comes from a source other than Ibn Ishaq.قصيدة حسان في الرد على الزبرقان «إن الذوائب من فهر وإخوتهم»
Hassan ibn Thabit's answer to al-Zibriqan ibn Badr in the Banu Tamim contest; Hassan relates that he was summoned while absent and composed lines on the way, then answered in the same vein. It praises Quraysh and the Ansar for the sunna they established, their generosity, the chastity Revelation mentions, and their valour. Ibn Hisham gives one verse in Abu Zayd's reading; the editors note the opening lines belong to a fourteen-verse qasida.مراثي لبيد بن ربيعة في أخيه أربد
Six pieces Ibn Ishaq gives as Labid's laments for his maternal brother Arbad ibn Qays after his death by lightning: a dal-rhymed poem, a mim-rhymed poem bidding him farewell by his kunya Abu Hurayz, a rajaz, a short piece on his virtues, a ra'-rhymed poem, and two verses on the kinsmen he had lost. Ibn Hisham marks certain verses as from Abu Ubayda or from other than Ibn Ishaq.قصيدة الزبرقان بن بدر في الفخر بقومه بين يدي النبي
The boast al-Zibriqan ibn Badr declaimed in the Banu Tamim delegation's contest at the Prophet's mosque in 9 AH: we are the noble, ours are the kings, we feed in drought and win every boast. Hassan ibn Thabit answered it. Ibn Hisham records two variant readings he heard from men of Tamim.الرسالة الكاملية في السيرة النبوية (فاضل بن ناطق)
Ibn al-Nafis's philosophical tale of a child who deduces religion and science alone on an island — the earliest complete philosophical novel, a root of science fiction.غادة كربلاء
Jurji Zaydan's historical romance on Karbala — one of the most famous of the 23 novels that taught generations of Arabs their history through fiction.الثلاثية
Mahfouz's trilogy — Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, Sugar Street — three generations of a Muslim Cairene family between the wars.أولاد حارتنا
Naguib Mahfouz's allegorical 1959 novel restaging prophetic history in a Cairo alley — controversial enough to be banned in Egypt for years.رجال في الشمس
Ghassan Kanafani's novella of three Palestinians smuggled to Kuwait inside a water tank — an icon of Palestinian fiction.موسم الهجرة إلى الشمال
Tayeb Salih's novel of Mustafa Sa'eed, returned from London to a Nile village — the most translated Arabic novel and a classic on East-West tension.مدن الملح
Abdul Rahman Munif's five-volume epic on oil and the transformation of Arabia — among the greatest Arabic novels, banned in several countries.الآيات الشيطانية
Rushdie's 1988 novel that triggered the Khomeini fatwa and the global free-expression crisis — indexed here as a historical object, neutrally.ظل شجرة الرمان
Tariq Ali's first Islam Quintet novel — an Andalusi family after Granada's fall, as the books are burned.جرناطة (ثلاثية)
Radwa Ashour's trilogy on a family in post-conquest Granada — the Moriscos and a forbidden culture; the finest Arabic fiction on al-Andalus's end.الألبوم الأسود
Hanif Kureishi's novel of a British-Pakistani youth torn between 90s music culture and Islamists in London.باب الشمس
Elias Khoury's epic of Palestinian refugees retelling the Nakba in Shatila camp; filmed by Yousry Nasrallah.اسمي أحمر
Pamuk's historical novel of Ottoman miniaturists and a murder in the sultan's workshop — figural art at the centre of the mystery.كتاب صلاح الدين
Tariq Ali's Saladin novel narrated by an imagined Jewish-Muslim scribe — second of his 'Islam Quintet'.المترجمة
Leila Aboulela's novel of a devout Sudanese widow in Aberdeen — a landmark of English-language Muslim fiction.ثلج
Orhan Pamuk's novel of a poet exiled to Kars, caught between Islamists, secularists and the 'headscarf girls'.عداء الطائرة الورقية
Khaled Hosseini's novel of friendship and guilt in Kabul across the Soviet invasion and Taliban rule — the widest-read Afghan novel.المنارة
Aboulela's novel of a Sudanese diplomat's daughter turned London servant who finds Islam seriously in exile.ألف شمس ساطعة
Hosseini's novel of Mariam and Laila — thirty years of Afghan women's lives through civil war and Taliban rule.عزازيل
Youssef Ziedan's IPAF-winning novel about a fifth-century Egyptian monk accompanying Nestorius — theological fiction that stirred church controversy.جوهرة المدينة
Sherry Jones's novel about Aisha — Random House dropped it amid controversy before Beaufort published it; a case study in depicting the Prophet's household.قواعد العشق الأربعون
Elif Shafak's global bestseller on Shams of Tabriz and Rumi, with a modern parallel story — the most popular Sufi novel of the century.أليف الخفي
G. Willow Wilson's techno-fantasy of an Arab hacker and an ancient jinn manuscript — code, Sufism and the Arab Spring.ساق البامبو
Saud Alsanousi's IPAF winner about a half-Kuwaiti, half-Filipino youth negotiating faith, class and belonging.فرانكشتاين في بغداد
Ahmed Saadawi's IPAF-winning novel — a creature stitched from bombing victims walks post-2003 Baghdad.استسلام
Houellebecq's 2015 novel imagining France under a moderate Islamist party — a cultural flashpoint, indexed neutrally.أبيات عبد الله بن أنيس في قتل ابن نبيح الهذلي
Seven dal-rhymed verses Ibn Hisham reports as Abdullah ibn Unays's: he left Ibn Thawr like a camel calf with wailing women rending their collars around him, struck him with an Indian sword while the litters were behind, and told him as the sword bit his head: I am Ibn Unays, a horseman of no base stock; take that from a noble hanif upon the religion of the Prophet Muhammad; whenever the Prophet set his mind on an unbeliever he was first to him with tongue and hand.أبيات أبي عفك في الراكب الذي صدّع أولاد قيلة
Five verses Ibn Ishaq gives to Abu Afak: he had lived an age and never seen a house or gathering truer to its pledges than the sons of Qayla, whose assembly could level mountains and never bowed; then a rider split them, bringing lawful and forbidden together; had they believed in might or followed a king, they would have followed Tubba'.شعر أبي جعال الجذامي بعد ردّ النبي ما أُخذ من جذام
A ra'-rhymed poem Abu Ji'al composed when the restitution to Judham was done: a reproaching woman pleading for the captives, the thought that had the matter been left to Us and Aws no release would be hoped for, their journey to Yathrib on tried camels and their stand before the Prophet; Ibn Hisham marks two phrases as from other than Ibn Ishaq.هجاء عمرو بن الأهتم لقيس بن عاصم «ظلت مفترش الهلباء تشتمني»
Two verses in which Amr ibn al-Ahtam lampooned Qays ibn Asim after learning that Qays had belittled him before the Prophet: Qays insulted him before the Messenger and was neither truthful nor right; Amr's lordship is wide, Qays's is cramped. Ibn Hisham omitted a third verse as obscene.قصيدة عمرو بن معدي كرب إلى قيس بن مكشوح «أمرتك يوم ذي صنعاء»
A dal-rhymed poem Amr ibn Ma'dikarib composed when Qays ibn Makshuh threatened him for defying him and going to the Prophet: he reminds Qays that on the day of Dhu San'a' he had counselled him clearly, to fear God and do good, but Qays like a donkey was fooled by its tether; then he threatens that whoever meets him meets a maned lion. Ibn Hisham gives Abu Ubayda's reading of three lines and says Abu Ubayda did not know the rest.أبيات عصماء بنت مروان في عيب الأنصار وطاعتهم «الأتاوي»
Four verses in which Asma' reviles Banu Malik, al-Nabit, Awf and Banu al-Khazraj: you obeyed a stranger of neither Murad nor Madhhij, hoping in him after the killing of your chiefs as one hopes for broth from a cooked pot; and she wishes for a proud man who would catch him unawares and cut off the hope of those who hope.أبيات الفرزدق في الأقرع بن حابس وأسرى بني العنبر
Three verses from a longer poem by al-Farazdaq that Ibn Hisham quotes after the account of the Banu al-Anbar captives: that Ibn Habis stood before the Messenger of God with a resolute, glory-seeking plea, and the captives bound in ropes with fettered necks were released for him, sparing the mothers of those left behind the price of ransom and the arrows of the division of spoils.أبيات فروة بن عمرو الجذامي في محبسه وعند صلبه
Verses Farwa ibn Amr al-Judhami composed when the Romans imprisoned him for his Islam: he addresses Sulayma, describes the Romans between the gate and the troughs, asks that no eye be kohl'd after him, and tells Abu Kubaysha that his tongue is not cut among the mighty and that he has gathered generosity, courage and eloquence; two verses when they resolved to crucify him at the water of Afra', and one verse al-Zuhri reports he said as he was brought out to die: tell the chiefs of the Muslims that my bones and my standing are at peace with my Lord.شعر فروة بن مسيك في يوم الردم وفي مسيره إلى النبي
A nun-rhymed poem Farwa ibn Musayk al-Muradi composed on the Day of al-Radm: if they win they have long been winners and if beaten they are not the oft-beaten, cowardice is not their way, fortune turns by turns, and had kings lived forever so would they; and two verses he said when he set out for the Prophet, leaving the kings of Kinda. Ibn Hisham marks the first line and the phrase 'if we win' as from other than Ibn Ishaq and gives Abu Ubayda's reading of the second couplet.مرثية حسان بن ثابت للنبي
An elegy on the Prophet which Ibn Hisham transmits from Abu Zayd al-Ansari; it opens with Medina as the trace and habitation of the Messenger, describes his chambers, the pulpit and the grave that covered him, and says that weeping for him is not enough, that the earth wept for him, and that no calamity equals the day Muhammad died.قصيدة حسان «كنا ملوك الناس قبل محمد»
A lam-rhymed poem by Hassan ibn Thabit in praise of the Ansar: kings of men before Muhammad, then honoured by God through the victory of his religion; it praises their generosity and justice and closes with Sa'd ibn Mu'adh and Hanzala washed by the angels. Ibn Hisham marks one phrase as from other than Ibn Ishaq; the editors record the diwan's variant readings.قصيدة حسان «قومي أولئك إن تسألي كرام»
A mim-rhymed poem by Hassan ibn Thabit telling the Ansar's story: kings in their own land, their settlement at Yathrib and the conquest of the Jewish forts among the palms, then their welcome of the Prophet and their fighting for him; Ibn Hisham gives variant readings from Abu Zayd al-Ansari, and the 1936 editors mark here the end of the sira's eighteenth traditional part.جواب حسان بن ثابت على عصماء بنت مروان
Four verses in which Hassan answers Asma': Banu Wa'il, Banu Waqif and Khatma are beneath Banu al-Khazraj; whenever she called out in folly, woe to her, with her wailing while the fates came on, she stirred a noble young man of honourable comings and goings, who stained her with dark blood after nightfall and incurred no sin.قصيدة حسان «هل المجد إلا السؤدد العود والندى» في الرد على الزبرقان
A mim-rhymed poem Ibn Hisham reports as Hassan's answer to al-Zibriqan's second verses: the Ansar's sheltering and defence of the Prophet, their sons and daughters placed before him, their fighting until people followed his religion, their kinship to Quraysh's greatest, then a rebuke to Banu Darim not to boast since they are the Ansar's dependants, and a call to embrace Islam.قصيدة مالك بن النمط «ذكرت رسول الله في فحمة الدجى»
A dal-rhymed poem Malik ibn al-Namat al-Hamdani composed after the Prophet's letter to Hamdan: he remembered the Messenger of God in the blackness of night at the heights of Rahrahan and Saldad as the camels carried their riders along a clear road, and swore by the Lord of the camels pacing to Mina that the Messenger of God among them was believed, a messenger come guided from the Lord of the Throne; no camel ever bore on its saddle one harder on his enemies than Muhammad nor more generous when a seeker of favour came. Two rajaz chants said on arrival go with it.قصيدة بانت سعاد (بردة كعب بن زهير)
Ka'b ibn Zuhayr's celebrated apology-ode beginning 'Su'ad has departed, and today my heart is love-sick', recited before the Prophet in Medina; it pleads for pardon and praises the Prophet as a light and an unsheathed sword of God.بيتا سلمى بنت عتاب في يوم بني العنبر
Two verses by Salma bint Attab on the day Uyayna ibn Hisn raided Banu al-Anbar: that Adi ibn Jundab met a steep and evil chasm, with enemies closing in from every side while its might and good fortune were absent.بيتا أمامة المزيرية في قتل أبي عفك
Two verses in which Umama addresses Abu Afak: you call God's religion and the man Ahmad a lie; by the life of him who fathered you, an evil issue; a true believer granted you a thrust at night's end: Abu Afak, take it in your old age.أبيات تُروى للزبرقان بن بدر «أتيناك كيما يعلم الناس فضلنا»
Four mim-rhymed verses that Ibn Hisham reports from Tamimi men of letters as al-Zibriqan's when he came in the delegation: the foremost of men, none in the Hijaz like Darim, repelling marked warriors, the chief's quarter of every raid. Hassan answered on the same rhyme. The attribution rests on Ibn Hisham, not Ibn Ishaq.
تصور
التنحْمير — بقايا اللسان الحميري
Al-Hamdani's register of the peninsula's tongues records that the highland Himyar and Ja'da keep 'something of tanahmir' — Himyaritic speech — eliding consonants: 'bi-bn Ma'am' for 'bi-bn al-'amm', 'simmi'' for 'isma''. He counts Kinda and Hamdan the most eloquent of the south, says Mahra's speech resembles the 'ajam's, and names Nahj, Abyan and Dathina the purest — the earliest detailed witness to Old Himyaritic surviving on fourth-century tongues.تسمية العرب لأبنائهم على أسماء النبات
Al-Hamdani observes that the Arabs inclined to name their men after thorny grazing shrubs — for the hardness, sharpness and drought-endurance in them: Talha, Samura, Awsaja, 'Urfuta, Qanada, 'Isiya, Sabra — and their women after the soft plants and fruits: Ghilqa, Bashama, Busra, Sahamma.
مقام
کیا چیز غائب ہے؟ ہمیں بتائیں · موضوع اس وقت کھلتا ہے جب اس کی جائزہ شدہ رہنمائی، 10 سوالات، 5 اقسام میں 25 اندراجات، اور کئی روایات اور خطوں کی آوازیں ہوں۔